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Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão narrativa das repercussões no comportamento e na saúde mental da população vulnerável e de medidas adotadas, no enfrentamento da pandemia do COVID-19. Revisão bibliográfica: Devido imprevisibilidade da pandemia do COVID-19, consequências mentais, são cada vez mais relatadas. Suspeitos, infectados, profissionais de serviços essenciais, os que vivem sozinhos, instituições como casas de repouso, prisões, centros de detenção de imigrantes, idosos, portadores de doença mental, imunodeprimidos e sem-teto, estão mais propícios aos danos de saúde física e mental. A intensificação de sentimentos como medo, raiva, estresse, insegurança e frustração estão associados a um maior risco de desenvolvimento para transtornos psiquiátricos. Para minimizar esses sentimentos, é relevante que meios de comunicação emitam notícias verdadeiras sobre o enfrentamento da pandemia e programas de lazer e cultos religiosos online sejam identificados, por ressaltarem emoções positivas. Considerações finais: As repercussões da pandemia do COVID-19 são comparadas a desastres naturais e guerras, pelo receio em adoecer, ficar desempregado, desamparado, ser estigmatizado caso venha a se infectar e, o medo de morrer. A sensação de incerteza quanto ao futuro econômico e educacional traz também implicações na saúde mental. Estratégias sociais, educacionais, econômicas devem ser implantadas para minimizar os danos causados pela COVID-19.

A doença por coronavírus (COVID-19) surgiu na China no final de 2019, disseminando-se rapidamente por mais de 200 países.  Devido às características dos ambientes e procedimentos odontológicos, há um maior risco de infecção cruzada entre a equipe de saúde bucal e os usuários desse serviço. Para consultórios odontológicos, escolas de Odontologia e seus hospitais associados, localizados em áreas que são (potencialmente) afetadas pela COVID-19, protocolos rigorosos e eficazes de controle de infecção estão sendo urgentemente desenvolvidos pelas agências reguladoras competentes, tanto a nível nacional, quanto internacional. Além disso, a pandemia teve um impacto imediato e dramático na educação odontológica, visto que nesse momento as instituições estão à frente do desafio de reorganizar sua infraestrutura e seus métodos de ensino para encarar as possíveis consequências dessa nova realidade, preservando e fomentando o progresso contínuo de seus futuros profissionais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar importantes informações relacionadas à nova síndrome respiratória aguda por coronavírus-2 e seu impacto na Odontologia, abordando as principais orientações de biossegurança que devem ser adotadas nos atendimentos clínicos, bem como discutir as mudanças no ensino odontológico brasileiro frente à pandemia de COVID-19.

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic diseases of the modern world with a wide variety of factors including genetic, environmental and metabolic. The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degrees of hepatic steatosis at the abdominal ultrasound and the values of aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT)), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index.MethodsA prospective, descriptive survey study, using a quantitative analytical examination, was conducted from July 2013 to July 2014. In the statistical analysis, values were expressed as median, first and third quartiles. We used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the medians between the degrees of steatosis, adopted a statistical significance of 5% (P ≤ 0.05) and used the statistical program SPSS 22.0.ResultsWe diagnosed 233/800 (29.1%) patients with hepatic steatosis on routine ultrasound, and 65.7% were female. Regarding degrees, 119 had grade 1 (51.0%), 94 grade 2 (40.4%) and 20 grade 3 (8.6%). The median age of the patients with grade 1, 2 or 3 did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). The median body mass index (BMI), although clinically important because of its elevation, did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). ALT levels increased as the degree of hepatic steatosis has advanced as well as the levels of AST, GGT and HOMA-IR. AST values showed a greater association with the severity of fatty liver (P = 0.0001) than the ALT (P = 0.001).ConclusionsALT, AST, GGT and HOMA-IR are associated to the degrees of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound and can help in the selection of patients for the liver histological evaluation.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of hearing loss among rural workers of Povoado Colônia Treze, Lagarto, State of Sergipe, Brazil. A total of 351 adult workers aged 18 to 59 years were selected, with current or past work activity in rural areas, with or without use of pesticides. The hearing evaluation included a form to record air-borne tonal thresholds using normality criteria recommended by Merluzzi 1979. The instrument used for assessing the quality of life was the Brazilian version of Short Form 36 (SF-36). Statistical analysis was performed (chi-square c², nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Cramer's V and Cohen's d) with a significance level of 95% (p <0.05). The results related the use of pesticide with the degree of toxicity in the presence of hearing loss and indices of quality of life (p <0.001). This study proved that agricultural workers, users of pesticides showed the worst levels of quality of life when compared with those who have not handled them. The use of pesticides and their toxicity class interfered in a most striking way in the classification of hearing loss presented in this group and further studies are recommended to assess other impacts on this population.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the variation of infant mortality as per condition of life in the urban setting.METHODS Ecological study performed with data regarding registered deaths of children under the age of one who resided in Aracaju, SE, Northeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2010. Infant mortality inequalities were assessed based on the spatial distribution of the Living Conditions Index for each neighborhood, classified into four strata. The average mortality rates of 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 were compared using the Student’s t-test.RESULTS Average infant mortality rates decreased from 25.3 during 2001-2005 to 17.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2006-2010. Despite the decrease in the rates in all the strata during that decade, inequality of infant mortality risks increased in neighborhoods with worse living conditions compared with that in areas with better living conditions.CONCLUSIONS Infant mortality rates in Aracaju showed a decline, but with important differences among neighborhoods. The assessment based on a living condition perspective can explain the differences in the risks of infant mortality rates in urban areas, highlighting health inequalities in infant mortality as a multidimensional issue.

Aspectos psicossociais dos adolescentes de Aracaju (SE) relacionados à percepção de saúde bucal

BackgroundThe quilombolas are groups formed by black ancestry individuals, living in a context of social vulnerability due to low socioeconomic level, which influences health care and the development of chronic diseases.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in the quilombola population in the State of Sergipe, Brazil.MethodsStudy design was cross sectional, involving the administration of a questionnaire to individuals aged ≥ 18 years, in 15 quilombola communities of the State of Sergipe, Brazil. A value of two-sided p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultssA total of 390 individuals were evaluated, 72.3% of whom were women, with a mean age of 44.7 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 26% (with a confidence interval of 95% [95% CI]: 22-30), with no significant sex-related differences. The age was associated with arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.03-1.06), systolic (95% CI: 1.04-1.07) and diastolic (IC 95%: 1.01-1.04) arterial hypertension. The level of body mass index was associated with arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.00-1.11) and diastolic arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.03-1.17). Economic class was associated with diastolic arterial hypertension (95% CI: 1.22-5.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of arterial hypertension in the quilombola communities was high. Its association with cardiovascular risk factors indicates the need to improve access to healthcare services.