ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with functional disability in the elderly. The cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 624 individuals, between 60 and 96 years of age. In the assessment of the elderly interviews and physical performance tests were used. In the inferential data analysis, the Poisson regression was used, p≤0.05. The prevalence of disability was 17.6% for Basic Activities of Daily Living and 46.3% for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Functional disability for Basic Activities of Daily Living was associated with increasing age, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms and frailty; the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living were associated with increasing age, illiteracy, multigenerational family arrangement, hospitalization and fragility. The variables that remained in the explanatory model for the decline of functional capacity should be emphasized in proposals for public policies to promote the health of the elderly. DESCRIPTORS:Health of the elderly. Activities of daily living. Geriatric nursing. PREVALÊNCIA DE INCAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM IDOSOS LA PREVALENCIA DE LA DISCAPACIDAD Y LOS FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN LOS ANCIANOSRESUMEN: El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la discapacidad. Se utilizó diseño transversal, con muestra de 624 individuos de edades comprendidas entre 60 a 96 años. En la evaluación fueron utilizados entrevista y pruebas de rendimiento físico. En análisis de datos inferencial se utilizó regresión de Poisson, p≤0,05. La prevalencia de discapacidad fue 17,6% para las Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria y 46,3% en las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. La incapacidad funcional para Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria se asoció con la edad, consumo de alcohol, síntomas depresivos y fragilidad; actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria se asociaron con la edad, analfabetismo, disposición de la familia multigeneracional, hospitalización y fragilidad. Las variables que se mantuvieron en el modelo explicativo de la disminución de la capacidad funcional deben hacerse hincapié en la elaboración de políticas públicas para promover la salud de los ancianos. DESCRIPTORES:Salud del anciano. Actividades cotidianas. Enfermería geriátrica.
To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.Descriptors: Disabled Persons; Geriatric Nursing; Aged. Actividad física como indicador de incapacidad funcional predictivo en personas mayoresPara analizar el tiempo que los hombres y mujeres invierten en actividad física, como un predictor de la ausencia de discapacidad funcional en las personas mayores, se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal con 624 individuos. Se desarrollaron las curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) y se compararon con las áreas de la actividad física, por sexo y la ausencia de discapacidad funcional. Se identificaron los puntos de corte de la actividad física (minutos/semana) para predecir la ausencia de discapacidad funcional (IC 95%). Se encontró un área mayor bajo la curva ROC para el tiempo que invierten las mujeres en actividad física. Los resultado sugieren, que 280 minutos/semana (en mujeres) y 410 minutos/semana (en hombres), son los puntos de corte que mejor predicen la ausencia de discapacidad funcional. El tiempo invertido en realizar actividad física, se puede utilizar como un importante indicador para realizar la clasificación de los grupos prioritarios en ciertas intervenciones.
The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with depression and cognition deficit, separately and combined, in Brazilian older adults. We analyzed data from 622 older adults. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, while cognitive deficit was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess associations of depression and cognitive deficit with sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables. Prevalence of physical inactivity (< 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/ week), depression, and cognitive deficit were 35.7%, 37.4%, and 16.7%. Physical inactivity was associated with depression (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-2.94) and with depression and cognitive deficit combined (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.01-8.91). Physically inactive participants were also more likely to present limitations in orientation and language functions. Physical inactivity was associated with depression and also with depression and cognitive deficit combined in older adults.
RESUMOO presente estudo investigou a influência de plateia sobre o desempenho sensoriomotor na aprendizagem do arremesso de dardo de salão. O experimento foi conduzido em dois dias distintos, cada um com uma condição específica: 1) com plateia (10 tentativas); 2) sem plateia (10 tentativas). Os 18 universitários de menor e maior desempenho foram divididos em dois grupos: prejudicado (GP) e beneficiado (GB). Nas análises de desempenho e escores de ansiedade-estado (IDATE), a ANOVA two way e pairwise identificaram interação entre grupo e condição, sendo GP com pior desempenho e maior IDATE e GB com melhor desempenho e sem alteração no IDATE na condição com plateia. Já na frequência cardíaca, não houve interação, porém efeito principal para o fator condição para ambos os grupos. Pode-se inferir que, a plateia influencia no desempenho sensoriomotor podendo ocorrer piora ou melhora a depender de características individuais. Palavras-chave: Análise e desempenho de tarefas. Estresse psicológico. Ansiedade. ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the influence of audience on the sensorymotor performance in learning the hall of javelin throwing. The experiment was conducted on two separate days, each with a specific condition: 1) with audience (10 attempts); 2) no audience (10 attempts). The 18 students of smaller and higher performance were divided into two groups: disadvantaged (DG) and benefited (BG). The performance and state-anxiety scores (IDATE), the two-way ANOVA and pairwise identified interaction between group and condition, and GP worst performing and most IDATE and GB with better performance and no change in IDATE provided with the audience. In the heart rate, there was no interaction but the main effect for the condition factor for both groups. It can be inferred that the audience influences the sensorymotor performance may cause worsening or improving depend on individual characteristics. Keywords: Analysis and task performance. Psychological stress. Anxiety. IntroduçãoÉ notória a capacidade do sistema nervoso de organizar respostas motoras adequadas e precisas nas mais complexas, variadas e imprevisíveis situações 1 . O treinamento de tais respostas motoras, por meio da repetição, pode conferir ainda mais estabilidade e eficácia ao executor 2 . Contudo, mesmo as ações motoras bem aprendidas e automatizadas parecem sofrer alterações quando desempenhadas em situações de estresse e ansiedade 3 . Os conceitos de estresse e ansiedade apresentam diferenças tão sutis que por vezes são empregados como sinônimos. O termo estresse é usado quando se pode identificar uma causa geradora do medo; por sua vez, a ansiedade não necessariamente produz medo, mas sim uma expectativa de algo que está por vir 4 . Conforme descrito por Lieber e Morris 5 , a ansiedade pode ser compreendida nas dimensões cognitiva e somática, sendo a primeira relacionada à percepção da situação por parte do indivíduo, contemplando as dúvidas e pensamentos negativos em relação à habilidade própria de enfrentamento da situação e, a segunda, referente...
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