-The Seed Analysis System (SAS) is used in the image analysis of seeds and seedlings, and has the potential for use in the control of seed quality. The aim of this research was to adapt the methodology of image analysis of maize seedlings by SAS, and to verify the potential use of this equipment in the evaluation of the physiological potential of maize seeds. Nine batches of two maize hybrids were characterised by means of the following tests and determinations: germination, first count, accelerated ageing, cold test, seedling emergence at 25 and 30ºC, and speed of emergence index. The image analysis experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme of 9 batches x 4 methods of analysis of the seedling images (with and without the use of NWF as substrate, and with and without manual correction of the images). Images of the seedlings were evaluated using the average lengths of the coleoptile, roots and seedlings; and by the automatic and manual indices of vigour, uniformity and growth produced by the SAS. Use of blue NWF afffects the initial development of maize seedlings. The physiological potential of maize seeds can be evaluated in seedlings which are seeded on white paper towels at a temperature of 25 °C and evaluated on the third day. Image analysis should be carried out with the SAS software using automatic calibration and with no correction of the seedling images. Use of SAS equipment for the analysis of seedling images is a potential tool in evaluating the physiological quality of maize seeds.
The speed on deterioration of oil-seeds depends on conditions of the storage environment and on particularities of the species, which include the seed chemical composition. Within this study, the changes on quality of sunflower seeds, stored in different packaging types and environmental conditions, were investigated. The packaging used were multiwall Kraft paper and plastic packaging (with and without vacuum), under cold chamber and conventional storage conditions. Seed quality was evaluated by tests of: germination and accelerated aging; besides alterations on oil content, fatty acids profile, and isoenzymatic systems. The storage under cold chamber conditions was more efficient in maintaining physiological quality of sunflower seeds; and under such environment, the Kraft paper packaging was the most adequate. Under conventional storage facility, however, the plastic packaging, sealed with vacuum, has provided better maintenance of physiological quality. Changes in the sunflower seed quality were detected by the enzymatic systems: alcohol dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase. The oil content in seeds decreases over time, regardless of storage condition. The linoleic and oleic acids constituted 80% of the total amount of fatty acids scanned. There have been no significant differences on the fatty acid profiles of the sunflower oil under the different storage conditions studied.
RESUMO -A deterioração é um dos grandes problemas do armazenamento de sementes, principalmente das oleaginosas. Estudos recentes têm evidenciado que a eficiência do teste de condutividade elétrica pode ser influenciada pela temperatura de armazenamento das sementes. Este fato sugere que a deterioração da semente, principalmente em baixas temperaturas de armazenamento, pode não estar relacionada diretamente com a perda da integridade das membranas celulares. Para investigar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento sobre os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), sementes dos híbridos Helio 250 e Helio 251 foram embaladas em papel Kraft multifoliado e armazenadas nas temperaturas: 10 e 25 °C (constante) e 25 °C por seis meses e depois transferidas para 10 ºC até o final do período de armazenamento, sendo que a cada três meses, num total de doze meses, a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, emergência de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica. Também foi determinado o teor de água das sementes. O teste de condutividade elétrica não é eficiente na detecção do processo de deterioração em sementes de girassol armazenadas sob baixa temperatura.Termos para indexação: Helianthus annuus L., semente oleaginosa, temperatura de armazenamento. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST TO EVALUATE QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURESABSTRACT -Deterioration is a problem in seed storage, particularly for oleaginous seeds.Research has shown that conductivity test results may be influenced by seed storage temperatures suggesting that seed deterioration, especially at low temperatures, does not seem to be directly related to the loss of cell membrane integrity. To investigate the effect of different storage temperatures on electrical conductivity in sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.), seeds of two sunflower hybrids, Helio 250 and Helio 251, were packaged in layered Kraft paper and stored at the following temperatures: 10 °C, 25 °C and 25/10 °C. Seed physiological quality was evaluated every three months during a 12 months storage period from germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed water content was also determined. The electrical conductivity test was not efficient in detecting deterioration in sunflower seed stored at low temperatures.
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