2015): Abraham model correlations for describing solute transfer into anhydrous 1,2-propylene glycol for neutral and ionic species, ABSTRACT Experimental solubility, acid-dissociation constants (pK a ) and activity coefficient data have been compiled from the published pharmaceutical and chemical literature for neutral organic molecules and ionic species dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-propylene glycol. The compiled experimental data were transformed into molar solubility ratios, water-to-anhydrous propylene glycol (P) and gas-to-anhydrous propylene glycol (K) using standard thermodynamic relationships. The derived Abraham model correlations described the observed solubility and partition coefficient data of neutral organic compounds and ionic species to within 0.18 log units and 0.18 log units (or less), respectively. ARTICLE HISTORY

Solubilities of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone have been measured at 298 K in 19 organic solvents. Combination with a known value of the solubility in water enables corresponding partition coefficients from water to these solvents to be deduced. It is shown that solubilities, via the partition coefficients, can yield the Abraham descriptors for 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, and that these, in turn, can be used to estimate a very large number of further solubilities, partition coefficients, and values of biological and environmental properties. This method of extracting information from solubilities is further illustrated using literature data on solubilities of biotin and of caprolactam.

Infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ∞) were measured at 298 K for 13 different aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes), 12 different aromatic compounds (benzene, alkylbenzenes, halobenzenes, naphthalene), and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol, along with solubilities for 11 crystalline organic compounds (xanthene, phenothiazine, acenaphthene, diphenyl sulfone, 3,5-dinitro-2-methylbenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-methylbenzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, benzil, and thioxanthen-9-one) dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol at 298 K. The experimental values were converted to gas-to-2-ethoxyethanol partition coefficients, water-to-2-ethoxyethanol partition coefficients, and molar solubility ratios using standard thermodynamic relationships.The calculated partition coefficient data and molar solubility ratios, combined with published literature values, were used to derive Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into 2-2 ethoxyethanol from both water and the gas phase. The derived Abraham model correlations predicted the observed values to within 0.15 log units (or less).

Infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ∞) were measured at 298 K for 12 different aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes), 11 different aromatic compounds (benzene, alkylbenzenes, halobenzenes, naphthalene), and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane dissolved in 2-butoxyethanol at 298 K using a headspace gas chromatographic method. As part of the experimental study solubilities of 19 crystalline nonelectrolyte solutes (2-hydroxybenzoic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, 3,5-dinitro-2-methylbenzoic acid, acenaphthene, trans-stilbene, xanthene, phenothiazine, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-methylbenzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, benzil, thioxanthen-9-one, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, fluoranthene, and diphenyl sulfone) were determined in 2-butoxyethanol at 298 K using a static, spectrophotometric method. The experimental values 2 were converted to gas-to-2-butoxyethanol, water-to-2-butoxyethanol partition coefficients, and molar solubility ratios using standard thermodynamic relationships. Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into 2-butoxyethanol were derived from the calculated partition coefficients and solubility ratios. The derived Abraham model describes the observed partition coefficient and solubility data to within 0.14 log units (or less).

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Infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ ∞) were measured at 298 K for 9 different aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes), 7 different aromatic compounds (benzene, alkylbenzenes, halobenzenes), and for 1,2-dichloropropane, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and 2-propanol dissolved in both 2-propoxyethanol and 2-isopropoxyethanol at 298 K using a headspace gas chromatographic method. As part of the experimental study solubilities of 18 and 20 crystalline organic nonelectrolyte solutes were determined in 2-propoxyethanol and 2-isopropoxyethanol, respectively, at 298 K using a uv/visible spectrophotometric method. The experimental values were converted to gas-toalkoxyethanol, water-to-alkoxyethanol partition coefficients, and molar solubility ratios using standard thermodynamic relationships. Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into both alkoxyethanols were derived from the calculated solubility ratios and partition coefficients. The

Experimental infinite dilution activity coefficient data, gas-to-liquid partition coefficient data, and solubility data have been combined from the published literature for neutral organic molecules and inert gases dissolved in anhydrous acetic acid. The compiled experimental data were transformed into molar solubility ratios, water-to-acetic acid (P) and gas-to-acetic acid (K) using standard thermodynamic relationships. The derived Abraham model correlations described the observed solubility and partition coefficient data of neutral organic compounds to within 0.18 log units (or less). Our analysis further showed that acetic acid solvent has considerable hydrogen-bond acidity, in agreement with the proposed linear structure for the solvent, and in terms of solubility related properties is not an unusual solvent at all.