The increases in phosphodiesters seen in this study indicate that phospholipid synthesis and turnover were stimulated by 6 weeks of oral citicoline. These results in humans support previous in vitro and animal studies and suggest that the administration of oral citicoline may be of use in reversing age-related changes in the brain.

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Fifty normal adults and 50 patients with chronic bronchitis and diffuse obstructive pulmonary emphysema, all free of nasal impediments, had lower airways and nasal resistances determined by plethysmographic subtraction; R_n was also determined by electronic posterior rhinometry. Twenty of the patients pursued a double-blind crossover trial in which isoproterenol, phenylephrine, isoproterenol-phenylephrine, and placebo were given as one dose on four consecutive days from identical hand nebulizers by a randomized arrangement. Measurements of R_a, R_n and Vtg were recorded serially for four hours after each mist inhalation; [R_a×V_tg] and R_n / R_a + R_n were calculated.Mean values for nasal, lower airways and total airways resistances were significantly higher for the patients than for the normal controls. The percent of total resistance due to the nasal compartment was significantly less for the patients, and specific airways resistance higher. Changes in [R_a×R_n] allowed a more precise ranking of aerosol effects in the drug trial than deviations in R_a alone, but neither index was as helpful as total airways resistance ([R_a + R_n]) in estimating overall patient responsiveness.The data imply that examination of changes in nasal and lower respiratory airways resistances, obtained together, are more informative and accurate than reliance upon R_a-related indices in defining the locus and total effects of therapeutic aerosols and in estimating the relative worth of the various inhalants.

Fourteen patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia were treated with propranolol in an open trial. All patients demonstrated substantial improvement of their akathisia; nine of the 14 obtained complete remission. Response was quite rapid, occurring within 24 hours in most cases. Doses required for improvement were low (30-80 mg/day), and side effects were few. Lithium-induced tremor improved considerably, but symptoms of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia showed little change. Preliminary results with certain other beta blockers suggest that they are less effective than propranolol in the treatment of akathisia.