Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Sm, Babb; Wald, Lawrence L.; Bm, Cohen; Ra, Villafuerte; Sa, Gruber; Da, Yurgelun-Todd; Pf, Renshaw

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1045-y

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Results from this study are consistent with prior research that suggests citicoline may play a role in increasing attention and alertness (Babb et al, 2002; Bruce, 2012; Cotroneo et al, 2013; Silveri et al, 2008). Citicoline is a compound that consists of cytidine and choline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage

Bruce

Werner

Preston

et al. 2014

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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The present study examined the neurocognitive and electrophysiological effects of a citicoline-caffeine-based beverage in 60 healthy adult participants enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Measures of electrical brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuropsychological measures examining attention, concentration, and reaction time were administered. Compared to placebo, participants receiving the citicoline-caffeine beverage exhibited significantly faster maze learning times and reaction times on a continuous performance test, fewer errors in a Go No-Go task, and better accuracy on a measure of information processing speed. EEG results examining P450 event related potentials (ERP) revealed that participants receiving the citicoline-caffeine beverage exhibited higher P450 amplitudes than controls, suggesting an increase in sustained attention. Overall, these findings suggest that the beverage significantly improved sustained attention, cognitive effort, and reaction times in healthy adults. Evidence of improved P450 amplitude indicates a general improvement in the ability to accommodate new and relevant information within working memory and overall enhanced brain activation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Citicoline is a compound that consists of cytidine and choline. It has been shown to activate the biosynthesis of phospholipids (PDE) in neuronal membranes (Babb et al, 2002). Since PDE has been shown to decrease with age and be associated with cognitive memory loss, increase in this substance may improve overall cognitive skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage

Bruce

Werner

Preston

et al. 2014

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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“…Citicoline has also been shown to improve cognition in early-onset patients with Alzheimer’s disease (46) and improved performance on some neuropsychological and cognitive tests such as the Mini Mental State Examination (47) in patients with cognitive decline (48). Furthermore, through its effects on phospholipid synthesis, citicoline has been associated with improved memory performance and verbal learning in humans (49). Finally, impulsive behavior and poor decision-making are common in addictions (50), and citicoline-facilitated improvements in cognition may contribute to decreased rates of relapse in addictive disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citicoline in addictive disorders: a review of the literature

Wignall

Brown

2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background Citicoline is a dietary supplement that has been used as a neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders such as stroke and dementia. Citicoline influences acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmitter systems; serves as an intermediate in phospholipid metabolism; and enhances the integrity of neuronal membranes. Interest has grown in citicoline as a treatment for addiction since it may have beneficial effects on craving, withdrawal symptoms, and cognitive functioning, as well as the ability to attenuate the neurotoxic effects of drugs of abuse. Objectives To review the literature on citicoline’s use in addictive disorders. Methods Using PubMed we conducted a narrative review of the clinical literature on citicoline related to addictive disorders from the years 1900 to 2013 using the following keywords: citicoline, CDP-choline, addiction, cocaine, alcohol, substance abuse, and substance dependence. Out of approximately 900 first hits, nine clinical studies have been included in this review. Results Most addiction research investigated citicoline for cocaine use. The findings suggest that it is safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, citicoline appears to decrease craving and is associated with a reduction in cocaine use, at least at high doses in patients with both bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. Limited data suggest citicoline may also hold promise for alcohol and cannabis dependence and in reducing food consumption. Conclusions Currently, there is limited research on the efficacy of citicoline for addictive disorders, but the available literature suggests promising results. Future research should employ larger sample sizes, increased dosing, and more complex study designs.

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“…Specifically, Babb and colleagues applied proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure in-vivo brain chemistry and found that a single oral dose of CDP-choline resulted in increased plasma choline in older (mean age 59 years) and younger (mean age 25) participants three hours after supplementation [7]. These investigators subsequently [8] applied phosphorous MRS to measure changes in brain chemistry in healthy older adults following 6 weeks of 500 mg citicoline supplementation. The study findings showed an increase in brain phosphodiesters that correlated with memory improvement as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigators subsequently [8] applied phosphorous MRS to measure changes in brain chemistry in healthy older adults following 6 weeks of 500 mg citicoline supplementation. The study findings showed an increase in brain phosphodiesters that correlated with memory improvement as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test [8]. To further examine the potential effects of citicoline supplementation on brain metabolism, Silveri and colleagues used phosphorrus MRS [9] to measure brain metabolites in healthy adults 40 -60 years old who received citicoline supplementation for six weeks at doses of either 500 or 2000 mg/day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Attentional Performance Following Citicoline Administration in Healthy Adult Women

McGlade¹,

Locatelli²,

Hardy³

et al. 2012

FNS

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Objectives: The present study assessed the potential cognitive-enhancing effects of citicoline, a dietary supplement, in healthy adult women. Specifically, it was hypothesized that citicoline supplementation would be associated with improved attention compared to placebo. Methods: The investigation was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled three-arm study. Sixty healthy adult women ages 40 -60 completed a clinical screening visit, including a medical exam. After study enrollment each subject was randomly assigned to one of three groups: a daily oral dose of 250 mg citicoline, 500 mg citicoline, or placebo for 28 days. Participants were evaluated with the Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II), a measure sensitive to attentional function, during a baseline visit and 28 days after baseline. Results: All 60 participants were included in the analyses, which included an ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests and t-tests. After 28 days of supplementation, individuals in the 250 mg group made fewer omission (p = 0.04) and commission (p = 0.03) errors compared to those in the placebo group. Individuals in the 500 mg group made significantly fewer commission errors compared to those in the placebo group (p = 0.03) and trended toward making fewer omission errors (p = 0.07). Conclusion: After 28 days of daily citicoline supplementation, participants who were administered either the 250 mg or the 500 mg citicoline doses showed significantly better ability to produce correct responses on the CPT-II, likely due to improved cognitive inhibition. Our findings suggest that citicoline may improve attentional performance in middle-aged women and may ameliorate attentional deficits associated with central nervous system disorders.

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Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage

Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage

Citicoline in addictive disorders: a review of the literature

Improved Attentional Performance Following Citicoline Administration in Healthy Adult Women

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