ABSTRACT:The performance of fungicides in controlling Asian soybean rust depends, in part, the spray quality of these products. The market of components to spray offers new types of nozzles which generate droplets with different characteristics. This study aimed to verify whether applications of fungicides with different spray nozzles interfere in soybean rust control. The experiment was conducted in the 2013/2014 harvest. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications, and compared ten spray nozzles and a control without fungicide application. The applications were made with a backpack sprayer pressurized with CO2, set to apply a spray volume of 150 L ha -1 . For the determination of severity four plants per plot were sampled, quantifying in each leaflet the number of uredinia cm -2 , which permitted to integrate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). We concluded that HYPRO GUARDIAN ® 120015 Single pre orifice flat spray nozzle, that generates medium size of droplets, provided the lowest AUDPC of soybean rust, as well as the use of fungicide reflected in grain yield, which was on average 288% higher than that obtained by the control without fungicide application.
Recibido 07 septiembre 2011; aceptado 04 octubre 2011 ResumenEl objetivo fue evaluar la eficiencia de fungicidas en el control de las enfermedades foliares del cultivo de trigo, cuando aplicados con diferentes modelos de boquillas de pulverización. El experimento fue realizado en un delineamiento de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones con arreglo factorial (4 x 3) + 1. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza y las medias comparadas por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad del error. Los fungicidas utilizados fueron: Opera® (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol) 0.75 L.ha. Estos fungicidas fueron aplicados con tres modelos de boquillas de pulverización de chorros planos: XR 11001 (gota fina), AIRMIX 11001 (gota media) e AVI 11001 (gota gruesa). Fueron evaluadas la incidencia y severidad (número de lesiones por hoja) de mancha amarilla (Drechslera tritici-repentis), mancha marrón (Bipolaris sorokiniana), roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina) y el rendimiento de granos (kg.ha -1 ) del cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la aplicación de fungicidas para el control de enfermedades foliares en trigo resultó en aumento en el rendimiento de granos, siendo que mayores valores de rendimiento fueron observados con la aplicación de Opera®, utilizando la punta XR 11001. Palabras clave: Triticum aestivum, manchas foliares, roya, tecnología de aplicación. ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle de doenças foliares da cultura de trigo, quando aplicados com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições com esquema fatorial (4 x 3) + 1. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os fungicidas utilizados foram: Opera® (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol) 0.75 L.ha. Estes fungicidas foram aplicados com três modelos de pontas de pulverização de jatos planos: XR 11001 (gota fina), AIRMIX 11001 (gota média) e AVI 11001 (gota grossa). Foram avaliadas a incidência e severidade (número de lesões por folha) de mancha amarela (Drechslera triticirepentis), mancha marrom (Bipolaris sorokiniana), ferrugem da folha (Puccinia triticina) e o rendimento de grãos (kg.ha -1 ) da cultura. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a aplicação de fungicidas para o controle das doenças foliares em trigo resultou em acréscimos no rendimento de grãos, sendo que maiores valores de rendimento foram observados com a aplicação de Opera®, utilizando a ponta XR 11001. Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum, manchas foliares, ferrugem, tecnologia de aplicação. AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of fungicides to leaf control diseases of wheat, when applied to different models of spray nozzles. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four Scientia Agropecuaria
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