Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have grown rapidly, motivated by general trends of information technologies in expanding their potential uses. In line with this tendency, GIS must consider the familiarity of new users with Cartography and their traditional way of representing natural phenomena. This paper evaluates the expressive power of GIS relative to their cartographic elements, based on a Semiotic approach, which is concerned with understanding the construction and interpretation of maps as communication activities. Results obtained by comparing Cartographic and GIS semiotic systems show a great difference in the potential of communication for each of the domains.
Esta dissertação discute a implementação de uma infra-estrutura extensível, baseada em um sistema gerenciador de banco de dados orientado a objetos, que provê suporte ao desenvolvimento de aplicações espaço-temporais. A infra-estrutura está baseada na definição e implementação de um conjunto básico de operadores e classes orientadas a objetos, que cobrem os requisitos rrúnimos de processamento de consultas espaciais, temporais e espaço-temporais.As principais contribuições deste trabalho são a definição dos operadores e das classes e sua implementação efetiva, validada através de uma aplicação piloto. Uma contribuição adicional é a discussão da própria implementação, que permitiu corrigir falhas do modelo teórico adotado.
On 16 July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued their decision in the Schrems II case concerning Facebook's transfers of personal data from the EU to the US. The decision may have significant effects on the legitimate transfer of personal data for health research purposes from the EU. This article aims: (i) to outline the consequences of the Schrems II decision for the sharing of personal data for health research between the EU and third countries, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and, (ii) to consider certain options available to address the consequences of the decision and to facilitate international data exchange for health research moving forward.
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