The incidence of Candida urinary tract infections is gradually on the rise and is an important public health problem. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract candidiasis (candiduria) in HIV positive patients in Dschang District Hospital and the antifungal susceptibility test of isolates. A total of 285 patients were recruited for this study. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques. Candida isolates were identified base on the colony color on CHROMagar. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the broth dilution method using four commonly used antifungals. Results showed that 22% of patients had Candida spp in their urine. Candida albicans had a proportion of 37% against 63% for non-albicans Candida. Of the 53 isolates tested, ketoconazole had the highest percentage of resistance (88.6%) follow by fluconazole (64.1.6%), amphotericin B (56.6%) and nystatin (49.0%). The highest sensitivity was observed with nystatin (33.9%) while the lowest was found with ketoconazole (5.6%). In conclusion, the prevalence of candiduria among HIV positive patients in this study was 22%. Candida albicans remain the most frequently involved Candida species. Azole antifungals showed the highest resistance rate against all the Candida species isolates.

No abstract

Candiduria refers to the presence of Candida species in urine, It is a common nosocomial infection afflicting the urinary tract. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of candiduria in hospitalized patients in Dschang District Hospital, and to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of Candida spp isolated from some commonly used antifungal drugs. Midstream urine samples were collected from 122 hospitalized patients at the Dschang District Hospital, then speciation of Candida was done based on colony colour on CHROMagar Candida medium. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the Broth dilution method. A total of 51 isolates of Candida species were recovered from 122 urine samples. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species 41.2% (21 isolates), followed by C. parapsilosis (27.5%), C. glabrata (17.6%), C. krusei (7.8%) and C. tropicalis (5.9%). Antifungal susceptibility test indicated that 100% and 96.1% of the Candida isolates were resistant to Amphotericin B and Nystatin respectively. Resistance varied depending on the species and the respective antifungal agents. We can conclude that candiduria is relatively common in hospitalized patients. The isolates were very resistant to polyenes (amphotericin B and nystatin) and most isolates were sensitive to azoles. Therefore, the species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern can help the clinicians in adequate treatment of the patients with candiduria.

Background: Candida tropicalis is a human pathogenic yeast frequently isolated in Latin America and Asian-Pacific regions, although recent studies showed that it is also becoming increasingly widespread throughout several African and south-European countries. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about its global patterns of genetic variation as most of existing multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data come from Asia and there are no genotyped African isolates. Objectives:We report detailed genotyping data from a large set of C. tropicalis isolates recovered from different clinical sources in Italy, Egypt and Cameroon in order to expand the allele/genotype library of MLST database (https://pubml st.org/ctrop icalis), and to explore the genetic diversity in this species.Methods: A total of 103 C. tropicalis isolates were genotyped using the MLST scheme developed for this species. All isolates were also tested for in vitro susceptibility to various antifungals to assess whether certain genotypes were associated with drug-resistance.

Background: Aspergillus section Nigri species are invasive opportunistic pathogens, seen in individuals with various immune disorders. The invasive capacity involves the production of varieties of enzymes such as lipases, phospholipase, proteases and hyaluronidase. The determination of proteinase, phospholipase, esterase and biofilm production in patient and environmental isolates approve the pathogenic strength of the species. Aims: To evaluate the invasive capacity of Aspergillus section Nigri isolates from patients and environmental samples. Methods: Our study is cross sectional and experimental, performed at the outpatient clinic of the otorhinolaryngology department of Central and University teaching hospital during a period of 12 months from March 2018 to February 2019.  To determine the invasive capacity of Aspergillus section Nigri species, 400 samples were evaluated in the study (that is; 250 from patients and 150 samples from environment). Patient samples and hospital environment samples were evaluated by standard phenotypic methods for detecting of Proteinase, phospolipase, esterase and biofilm. The variables were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test of independent and SPSS (Version 16.0). Results: The isolates recovered from the patient sample shows maximum invasive capacity as compared to the environmental isolates, that is for 44 isolates;  42 isolates showed proteinase activity and biofilm production, followed by  phospholipase activity 36, and then  esterase 32.The isolates recovered from the hospital environment also showed the production of the various  invasive factors, that is for 16 isolates; 15 isolates showed  biofilm production,  followed by proteinase activity 6,  phospholipase 5 and esterase 4.The disparities of the invasive capacity in patient and environment isolates virulence were statistically significant for proteinase, phospholipase and esterase ( that is; p-value <0.05). Majority the isolates recovered from patients and the environment were potential producers of biofilm. Conclusion: The isolates recovered from patients sample showed high invasive capacity as compare to the isolates recovered from the environment. This highlights the implications of phospholipase enzyme, proteinase enzyme, esterase enzyme and biofilm used by Aspergillus section Nigri isolates as means of survival in the host system.