The incidence of Candida urinary tract infections is gradually on the rise and is an important public health problem. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract candidiasis (candiduria) in HIV positive patients in Dschang District Hospital and the antifungal susceptibility test of isolates. A total of 285 patients were recruited for this study. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques. Candida isolates were identified base on the colony color on CHROMagar. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the broth dilution method using four commonly used antifungals. Results showed that 22% of patients had Candida spp in their urine. Candida albicans had a proportion of 37% against 63% for non-albicans Candida. Of the 53 isolates tested, ketoconazole had the highest percentage of resistance (88.6%) follow by fluconazole (64.1.6%), amphotericin B (56.6%) and nystatin (49.0%). The highest sensitivity was observed with nystatin (33.9%) while the lowest was found with ketoconazole (5.6%). In conclusion, the prevalence of candiduria among HIV positive patients in this study was 22%. Candida albicans remain the most frequently involved Candida species. Azole antifungals showed the highest resistance rate against all the Candida species isolates.

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) transformed HIV infection to a chronic disease, and the complexity of the physiological disorders generated leads to the disruption of body fat distribution and insulin resistance. The resulting metabolic syndrome has rarely been investigated among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. The aim of the current work was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS under HAART at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to collect demographic, clinical and therapeutic data from 371 people living with HIV/AIDS and who are under HAART at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital from November 2017 to February 2019. Abbott Real-time HIV-1 system, FACSCOUNT cytometer and FULLYSMART automates were used to determine HIV RNA level, CD4 cell count and biochemical parameters respectively. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.74% by IDF and 28.84% by ATPIII. Among patients with metabolic syndrome, HDL-hypocholesterolemia was the most prevalent feature (92.14%). We found that aging (OR, 1.05; p, 0.005), HIV RNA level (OR, 3.42; p, 0.001), family history of metabolic and coronary heart disease (OR, 2.24; P, 0.04), alcohol consumption (OR, 4; P, 0.004) and nutritional supplements (OR, 3.5; P<0.001) were the independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. Male sex (OR, 0.22; p,<0.001), use of traditional medicines (OR, 0.28; P<0.001), Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (OR, 0.45; p, 0.007) and Lamivudine-Tenofovir-Efavirenz antiretroviral regimen (OR, 0.26; p<0.001) were protective factors. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is on the increase among people living with HIV/AIDS in our study population. Both HIV related factors and traditional risk factors were associated with metabolic syndrome.