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Trois des objectifs de base des immigrants dans les sociétés multiculturelles (la sauvegarde de l'heritage culturel, l'insertion dans la société d'acceuil et la préservation de la santé physique et psychologique) ont été retenus comme variables dépendantes dans l'élaboration d'un modèle portant sur les différences individuelles du processus d'acculturation. Les trois prédicteurs composites du modèle furent: 1. L'adaptation psychosociale englobant le bien-être psychologique, le compétence biculturelle et le soutien social perçu de l'outgroup; 2. Le rattachement à la famille et à la culture englobant l'allocentrisme familial, l'identité ethnique et le soutien perçu de l'ingroup; 3. L'expéri-ence des conflits quotidiens relevant ou non de l'acculturation. On a aussi pris en considération la fonction des deux modes d'acculturation que sont la différenciation et l'assimilation. Ce sont 81 iraniennes et 85 iraniens immigrés au Canada qui ont contribué à cette recherche; leur âge médian était de 34 ans et leur temps de séjour médian au Canada de sept ans. La validité du modèle a été mise à l'épreuve grâce au Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). L'adaptation psychosociale est en relation directe avec le comportement de l'outgroup (qui représente le contact avec la culture d'accueil) et la détresse psychosomatique. Le rattachement à la famille et à la culture est en relation directe avec le comportement de l'ingroup, et les conflits quotidiens sont reliés à la détresse psychosomatique. En outre, chacun de ces prédicteurs est associé avec chacun des deux types d'acculturation. En retour, ces modes d'acculturation prédisent les variables dépendantes comportementales. On examine enfin les retombées de ce modèle sur des recherches futures.Three of the basic goals of immigrants in multicultural societies-maintenance of heritage culture, participation in the host society, and maintenance of psychological and physical health-were examined as outcome variables in a proposed individual difference model of the acculturation process. The three composite predictor variables in the model were psychosocial adjustment, consisting of psychological well-being, bicultural competence, and perceived outgroup social support; connectedness to family and culture, consisting of family allocentrism, ethnic identity, and perceived ingroup support; and the experience of acculturation-specific and non-specific daily hassles. The roles of separation and assimilation modes of acculturation were also examined. The research participants were 85 male and 81 female Iranian immigrants to Canada. Their median age was 34 years; their median length of residence in Canada was seven years. The viability of the model was supported through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Psychosocial adjustment was directly related to outgroup behavior (reflecting contact with the host culture) and to psychophysical distress. Connectedness to family and culture was directly related to ingroup behavior, and daily hassles were directly related to psychophysical distress. Furth...

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Trait-inferential relationships were mapped by applying multidimensional scaling techniques to judgments of the probability of joint endorsement of pairs of personality statements. Three bipolar dimensions of inference were obtained, identified as impulsivity-control, independence-dependence, and aggression-social approval. Only the first dimension was significantly related to desirability. The dimensions showed evidence of extremely high stability across male and female judges and moderate similarity with dimensions derived from trait adjectives. A remarkably close correspondence between inferential dimensions and those derived from separate factor analyses of 1029 male and 1002 female subjects' responses to the Personality Research Form (PRF) was interpreted as indicating that inferential relationships accurately reflect actual trait covariation.

The study focussed on the separation of acculturation-related daily hassles and acculturation non-specific hassles in their contribution to psychological distress. Thirty male and 30 female university studentswho were Vietnamese immigrants to Canada completed measures of general hassles, family hassles, ingroup hassles (concerning interactions with Vietnamese ingroup members), and outgroup hassles (such as discrimination). The participants had a median age of 22 years; their median length of residence in Canada was 9.5 years. General hassles and ingroup and outgroup hassles were each positively related to depression; the number of years since immigrating to Canada was negatively related. In a simultaneous multiple regression analysis predicting depression, acculturation-specific ingroup hassles, number of years in Canada, and acculturation non-specific general hassles each contributed to the prediction. Number of years in Canada was found to moderate the relation of general hassles to depression. The varying importance of different categories of hassles across different ethnic groups and developmental stages was considered.

Concerned with individual differences in allocentrism-idiocentrism with reference to the family, Study 1 describes the assessment of an initial item pool of statements. Selection of good items was based on several criteria met by both an "Eastern" cultural group and a "Western" cultural group, thereby providing cross-cultural comparability at the item selection stage of test development. Scores on the Family Allocentrism Scale were positively related to a measure of norm-oriented identity style in both "Western" and "Eastern" samples (Study 2). With a "Western" sample (Study 3), individuals with higher levels of family allocentrism exhibited a greater sense of relatedness to their ethnic origins. In Study 4, with a group of Vietnamese immigrant university students, family connectedness moderated the relation between daily hassles and depression. In Study 5, with Russian immigrants, the relation between family allocentrism and depression depended on the level of bicultural competence. Future research plans and needs are considered.