Trois des objectifs de base des immigrants dans les sociétés multiculturelles (la sauvegarde de l'heritage culturel, l'insertion dans la société d'acceuil et la préservation de la santé physique et psychologique) ont été retenus comme variables dépendantes dans l'élaboration d'un modèle portant sur les différences individuelles du processus d'acculturation. Les trois prédicteurs composites du modèle furent: 1. L'adaptation psychosociale englobant le bien-être psychologique, le compétence biculturelle et le soutien social perçu de l'outgroup; 2. Le rattachement à la famille et à la culture englobant l'allocentrisme familial, l'identité ethnique et le soutien perçu de l'ingroup; 3. L'expéri-ence des conflits quotidiens relevant ou non de l'acculturation. On a aussi pris en considération la fonction des deux modes d'acculturation que sont la différenciation et l'assimilation. Ce sont 81 iraniennes et 85 iraniens immigrés au Canada qui ont contribué à cette recherche; leur âge médian était de 34 ans et leur temps de séjour médian au Canada de sept ans. La validité du modèle a été mise à l'épreuve grâce au Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). L'adaptation psychosociale est en relation directe avec le comportement de l'outgroup (qui représente le contact avec la culture d'accueil) et la détresse psychosomatique. Le rattachement à la famille et à la culture est en relation directe avec le comportement de l'ingroup, et les conflits quotidiens sont reliés à la détresse psychosomatique. En outre, chacun de ces prédicteurs est associé avec chacun des deux types d'acculturation. En retour, ces modes d'acculturation prédisent les variables dépendantes comportementales. On examine enfin les retombées de ce modèle sur des recherches futures.Three of the basic goals of immigrants in multicultural societies-maintenance of heritage culture, participation in the host society, and maintenance of psychological and physical health-were examined as outcome variables in a proposed individual difference model of the acculturation process. The three composite predictor variables in the model were psychosocial adjustment, consisting of psychological well-being, bicultural competence, and perceived outgroup social support; connectedness to family and culture, consisting of family allocentrism, ethnic identity, and perceived ingroup support; and the experience of acculturation-specific and non-specific daily hassles. The roles of separation and assimilation modes of acculturation were also examined. The research participants were 85 male and 81 female Iranian immigrants to Canada. Their median age was 34 years; their median length of residence in Canada was seven years. The viability of the model was supported through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Psychosocial adjustment was directly related to outgroup behavior (reflecting contact with the host culture) and to psychophysical distress. Connectedness to family and culture was directly related to ingroup behavior, and daily hassles were directly related to psychophysical distress. Furth...

Although random responding is prevalent and increases Type II errors, most psychologists avoid trying to identify it because the means to do so are extremely limited. We propose the inter-item standard deviation (ISD), a statistical index of response variance, is suited for this task. We hypothesized that random responders produce large ISDs because they respond to items all over a measure's response range, whereas conscientious responders produce small ISDs because they respond to items more consistently. We administered a questionnaire containing the NEO-FFI-3 and an embedded validity scale to 134 university students. Another 134 responders were created using a random number generator. For all 268 responders, the ISD was calculated for each of the NEO-FFI-3 0 s five subscales and an aggregated ISD was calculated by averaging the five ISD indexes. Results showed that (1) random responders produce significantly larger ISDs than conscientious responders, (2) the ISDs were strongly correlated with the embedded validity scale and with one another, and (3) the ISDs correctly identified responders with greater than 80% classification accuracy. The mean ISD yielded greater than 95% classification accuracy. This study shows that responders can be identified by quantifying inter-item response variance.

This research examined roommate responses to dependent and self-critical personality styles in the hope of finding individuals for whom rejection may be more likely. Interpersonal traits associated with dependency and self-criticism along the love and dominance axes of the Circumplex also were investigated to clarify patterns contributing to roommate rejection. Both dependents and self-critics were more depressed throughout the year. Dependents, however, were perceived as more submissive and loving and were better accepted by roommates. Self-critics were seen as submissive and hostile and were more likely to be rejected. Structural equation modeling indicated that the personality-rejection effects were mediated by perceived interpersonal traits along the love axis and their associated affective consequences for roommates.

The present study tested the generalizability of a multidimensional individual difference acculturation (MIDa) model in three cultural contexts. The model includes three predictor variables (Psychosocial Resources, Connectedness, and Hassles), predicting three outcome adaptation variables (In-group Contact, Out-group Contact, and Psychophysical Distress). The roles of two dimensions of acculturation attitudes (toward Own Culture Maintenance and New Culture acquisition) were also included in the model. The model was tested and validated with three samples of Iranian immigrants living in the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The results provided support for the multidimensional model. The relations between each variable in the model are discussed with reference to the demographic variation of the samples and the complexity of societal context.

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