Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans sp. nov., a novel member of the order Thermotogales isolated from a black smoker chimney on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge A novel, thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium that is able to tolerate hydrogen was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney collected at the Rainbow field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cells were rod-shaped and surrounded by a sheath-like outer structure (toga); they were weakly motile by means of a polar flagellum. They appeared singly, in pairs or in short chains. They grew at 35-65 6C (optimum 60 6C), pH 4?5-8?5 (optimum pH 6?0) and 10-65 g sea salts l "1 (optimum 30-40 g l "1 ). The isolate was organotrophic, and able to grow on various carbohydrates or complex proteinaceous substrates. Growth was not inhibited under 100 % hydrogen or in the presence of 2 % oxygen in the gas phase. The isolate reduces sulfur, although sulfur reduction is not required for growth. The fermentation products identified on glucose were acetate, ethanol, formate, hydrogen and CO 2 . The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 28±1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene placed the strain within the genus Marinitoga, order Thermotogales, in the bacterial domain. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and physiological characteristics, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is
How do organizational settings influence learning mechanisms and their outcomes? Based on a 26-month online and offline ethnography, the article specifically analyses couriers’ learning in the context of food-delivery platform work, marked by the heterogeneity of the working crowd, the gig nature of the job and the digitally mediated, individualized and automated management apparatus. Drawing on social learning theory, and in particular on communities of practice (CoPs), the results of the study unpack how the digital nature of online peer discussion groups enables three interrelated learning mechanisms (sharing, symphonizing and shaping). The digitalness of CoPs indeed allows for a high degree of responsiveness in exchanges and a commutativity of shared knowledge that overcome the structural barriers to social learning inherent in the low-skilled platform context. The present study finally challenges the widespread approach that views online worker groups as a potential locus for resistance; its findings suggest that they also indirectly contribute to maintaining power relations through the social learning processes they enable.
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