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RESUMEN En México, el cultivo de tomate de cáscara o tomate verde (Physalis ixocarpa) se realiza en campo, en pequeñas superficies, con poca tecnificación y bajos rendimientos. Para conocer el comportamiento y aumentar su rendimiento, se evaluó el cultivo de tomate de cáscara cultivar Rendidora bajo tres estructuras de protección, con diferentes materiales de cubierta y su influencia sobre la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (RFA), la temperatura y humedad relativa del aire, el potencial mátrico del suelo, consumo de agua y rendimiento. Los materiales de cubierta fueron polietileno transparente, polietileno blanco y malla blanca tipo antiáfidos. Cada material de cubierta fue un tratamiento y el testigo sin cubierta. La densidad de siembra fue de 1,5 plantas/m2 establecidas en suelo, bajo un diseño en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y 20 plantas por unidad experimental en cada ambiente. La cubierta de polietileno transparente aumentó la temperatura del ambiente, el potencial mátrico del suelo y disminuyó la humedad relativa, también aumentó el consumo de agua (84 L/planta/ciclo) y su eficiencia (26 L/kg fruto) así como el rendimiento (3,23 kg/planta). Se concluye que la cubierta de polietileno trasparente aumentó en 114% la eficiencia en el uso del agua y en 158% el rendimiento de tomate de cáscara cultivar Rendidora.

The center of origin and domestication of Physalis spp. is Mexico, where 70 wild species and only two cultivated species are found. Fruits of wild husk tomato are collected by farmers for home consumption or for sale in local markets, where prices are higher than for the cultivated husk tomato. Despite their economic and nutritional importance, they have been little studied. The objective of this study was to determine phytochemical properties, nutritional value, total contents of phenol, anthocyanins and flavonoids, and the antioxidant capacity of the fruits of five wild genotypes of Physalis spp (Quialana, Jalieza, Vigallo, Ejutla and Miahuatlán), collected in the corn harvest season in five localities of Oaxaca, Mexico. The genotypes Quialana and Miahuatlán had the best physical characteristics, but their antioxidant capacity was lower than that of the genotypes Jalieza, Vigallo and Ejutla, which did not exhibit physical characteristics that are attractive for consumers. Moreover, the high contents of phenols and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant capacity of all the wild genotypes studied, showed that Physalis spp. is an option for more frequent inclusion in the population’s diet. However, because of food globalization issues, production, commercialization and consumption of these wild species is disappearing.

The Agave potatorum Zucc. is a wild species endemic to Oaxaca and Puebla, Mexico. The stem or “head” of the plants of this species contains a large amount of fructans, which, in conjunction with their crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), helps the agave to survive droughts. The soluble carbohydrates are used to produce mezcal. The objective was to evaluate growth and content of fructans of A. potatorum young plants grown in soil and perlite substrate, fertigated with three nutrient solutions, and subjected to drought. Eight-month-old plants were used and, for 15 months, were fertigated with nutrient solutions: 1) Steiner, 2) Hoagland and Arnon, and 3) Urrestarazu. Irrigation was later suspended to simulate a 5-month drought and induce stress. During fertigation, the vegetative growth was greater in plants irrigated with Hoagland and Arnon and Urrestarazu solutions in perlite and in soil. After the period of water deficit stress, plants in perlite substrate fertigated with the Hoagland and Arnon solution accumulated more fructans in the heads, reaching a maximum of 75%, than plants in soil substrate (42%).

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Physalis ixocarpa is an edible species of Solanaceae. This is one of the few cultivated and economically important species of the genus in Mesoamerica. In Mexico, several varieties and landraces have been developed, which have not been molecularly characterized. In the current study, five RAMS primers were used to characterize and assess the genetic variability of two varieties and three landraces of this species. The capacity of these markers to discriminate between them was also evaluated. With comparative aims, Physalis peruviana, the most economically important species of the genus in South America, was analyzed in the same manner. The results revealed that the varieties and landraces of P. ixocarpa conserve important levels of genetic variability (21.75% > Polymorphism < 42.75%), which were higher than that found for P. peruviana (10.75% Polymorphism). RAMS were useful specific markers, as P. peruviana and P. ixocarpa were clearly distinguished one from each other by both cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Close genetic relationships were found between the landraces San Isidro Chihuiro and Verde Puebla, and between the varieties Diamante and Rendidora. In spite of the genetic closeness, the RAMS amplification profiles had a clear varietal-specific tendency, in such a way that they may represent varietal fingerprints, which can be used as authentication tool for varieties and landraces of P. ixocarpa.

El chile huacle o chilhuacle es una variedad de Capsicum annum L. de importancia etnobotánica y cultural de Oaxaca, México. Se está produciendo una significativa reducción de su superficie cultivada al aire libre debido a diversos factores ambientales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la producción y calidad en función del manejo cultural de la poda y la densidad de la plantación. Se realizaron dos experimentos simultáneos con pimiento huacle en Oaxaca (México), en un ciclo corto de cultivo de seis meses en un invernadero plástico sin control climático. El primero de densidad de plantación a 2, 3 y 4 plantas m -2 , y el segundo de poda a 2, 4 tallos y sin poda. Se midieron algunos parámetros de crecimiento vegetativo, producción, de calidad del fruto y sólidos solubles totales. La mayor densidad de plantación incrementó significativamente el índice de área foliar, el rendimiento y producción de materia seca total de fruto, mientras que los parámetros de calidad de fruto no se vieron afectados. Las plantas podadas a 4 tallos no se afectaron en altura ni en grosor de tallo respecto a las sin poda. El índice de área foliar fue menor en la poda a dos brazos y no varió con la poda de 4 tallos y sin poda. El mayor rendimiento y producción de materia seca de fruto se obtuvo con las plantas a 4 tallos, mientras que la calidad de los frutos no se vio afectada.

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