The aim of this study was to determine the social support needs of mothers of children with cancer and their expectations regarding nurses. The sample consisted of 88 mothers of children aged 0 to 18 years. The data were collected by a questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used. The variables were investigated using visual methods (histograms and probability plots) and the Mann-Whitney U, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman tests. All the mothers stated that they needed social support but only 73.9% received it. Support was obtained mostly from families (83.0%), physicians (44.6%), nurses (38.4%), friends (30.7%), and neighbors (24.6%). Most of the social support was emotional (76.9%) and informational (49.2%). A total of 54.5% of the mothers expected social support from nurses. The mean total MSPSS score was 51.18 ± 25.30. In conclusion, all mothers felt that they needed social support, but their rate of receiving social support was lower than their needs.
Pressure ulcer is a significant health problem extending hospitalization duration at hospitals and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity. Though risk of pressure ulcer development is high in all childhood periods, it rather increases due to differences in epidermis and dermis layer especially during neonatal period. No matter how difficult is treatment of pressure ulcer, it is a preventable problem through an effective nursery care by determining risk factors causing its development and removing them. Nurses taking care of newborns, being in risky group on grounds of disruption of skin integrity, have major responsibilities on avoiding pressure ulcer. Nursery procedures to avoid pressure ulcer involve risk evaluation along with determining newborns at risk, daily skin assessment, control of moisture, providing nutrition and hydration and decreasing pressure. The purpose of this study is to form guidance for nursery procedures to avoid pressure ulcer in newborns. The article includes the reasons of pressure ulcer development in newborns, its locals, importance of pressure ulcer avoidance and nursery procedures to avoid pressure ulcer development.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological degenerative disease with a high incidence, affecting all age groups. Refractory Epilepsy (RE) occurs in approximately 30-40% of cases with a higher risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent studies have shown that spontaneous seizures developed in epilepsy can be related to an increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS) production.
Increasing ROS concentration causes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, destruction of nuclear genetic material, enzyme inhibition, and cell death by a mechanism known as “ferroptosis” (Fts). Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) induces Fts, while oxidative stress is linked with increased intracellular free iron (Fe+2) concentration. Fts is also a non-apoptotic programmed cell death mechanism, where a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-141) dependent hypoxic stress-like condition appears to occur with accumulation of iron and cytotoxic ROS in affected cells.
Assuming convulsive crises as hypoxic stress, repetitive convulsive/hypoxic stress can be an effective inducer of the “epileptic heart” (EH), which is characterized by altered autonomic function and a high risk of malignant or fatal bradycardia. We previously reported that experimental recurrent seizures induce cardiomyocyte Fts associated with SUDEP. Furthermore, several genes related to Fts and hypoxia have recently been identified in acute myocardial infarction.
An emerging theme from recent studies indicates that inhibition of GPX4 through modulating expression or activities of the xCT antiporter system (SLC7A11) governs cell sensitivity to oxidative stress from ferroptosis. Furthermore, during hypoxia, an increased expression of stress transcriptional factor ATF3 can promote Fts induced by erastin in a HIF-141-dependent manner. We propose that inhibition of Fts with ROS scavengers, iron chelators, antioxidants, and transaminase inhibitors could provide a therapeutic effect in epilepsy and improve the prognosis of SUDEP risk by protecting the heart from ferroptosis.
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