The leaf area determination are extremely important in agronomic and physiological studies, as they provide valuable information in vegetable metabolism RESUMO A determinação da área foliar é importante, em estudos agronômicos e fisiológicos, para a obtenção de informações sobre o metabolismo vegetal e as técnicas utilizadas devem ser simples. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos polinomiais para estimar a área foliar (AF). Foram utilizados os métodos de discos foliares e software ImageJ, com as medidas do comprimento (C) e da largura (L), e a relação entre o comprimento vezes a largura (CL) em folhas da cultura do pimentão, em dois ensaios com dois híbridos, Arcade e Impacto, e correlacionar os valores encontrados pelos dois métodos. Através
Fungi are considered the most damaging microorganisms in agriculture. The indiscriminate use of chemical treatments in agricultural products causes the development of pest resistance and affects human health. An alternative to synthetic fungicides is the use of natural products such as plant extracts for the management of fungal diseases in plants. Extracts from different parts of Lupinus albescens (roots, stalks, leaves, and flowers) were obtained by extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO) or compressed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Thereafter, the antioxidant activity of each extract was measured, and the antifungal activity in vitro of extracts was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides. For a concentration of 5000 mg/L, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) ranged from 29.25 μg/mL to 192.96 μg/mL. Antifungal tests showed that all matrices presented inhibitory effect against both fungi tested. The extracts obtained from roots by CO and LPG presented 70.1% and 65.1% inhibition against F. oxysporum, and 67.8% and 61.2% inhibition against F. verticillioides, respectively. These results suggest that the extracts obtained from L. albescens by extractions using supercritical CO and compressed LPG might be a potential source of antioxidants and natural fungicides.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation in bell pepper crop under shade mesh and in open-field to improve management of water resources. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and ten treatments in factorial arrangement (five irrigation levels combined with two shade levels). Irrigation treatments were 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 rate of crop evapotranspiration and the control (no supplemental irrigation). Shading treatments were 0 and 50% reduction of photosynthetically active radiation, compared to open field conditions. Crop coefficient was influenced by rainfall, especially during initial growth stage period when it was high and Kc values were 0.71, 1.17, and 0.92. Treatments under shade and open-field had no significant interaction effect, alike between the years of study. The yield in open-field and under shade mesh showed better performance in 0.75 and 0.50 of ETc, respectively. Maximum water productivity and irrigation water productivity was obtained in open-field and deficit irrigation plots. Under shade, highest fruit quality was obtained; heavier fruits, less dry matter, no sunscald and increasing value added to production. Comparing water consumption in open-field and shading, it can be obtained up to 14 to 25% water saving, significantly improving yield and fruit quality.
Este artigo tem como objetivo principal alinhar o Modelo de Excelência em Gestão (M.E.G.) através dos oito critérios da Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (F.N.Q.), e com o Modelo de Excelência em Inovação (M.E.I.) a partir das oito dimensões do chamado Octógono da Inovação. Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos modelos de gestão, do M.E.G. e do M.E.I.. A metodologia utilizada é de pesquisa qualitativa e caracterizado como exploratório, descritivo e explicativo, como geralmente ocorre nas pesquisas com ênfase na qualidade. Foi realizado primeiramente um comparativo descrito dos critérios e dimensão da M.E.G. e M.E.I., e após foi estabelecida uma compatibilização dos modelos apontando os pontos de relação mais fortes e fracos para uma futura integração dos modelos e mostrar como os pontos comuns que se referem dentro de seus critérios e dimensões.
The objective of this study was to verify the economic viability of generating systems of wind energy and solar photovoltaic in the water pumping for irrigation in fruit trees in the country properties. To do so, there is an applied research at two stations in Santa Maria, the first being located in the community of Canabarro and the second in Polytechnic College of the UFSM. The data were collected in the period of September of 2007 and September of 2008. The results demonstrated the viability to the wind equipment and solar photovoltaic for use in the complementary irrigation for crops of guava, fig and vine. With the photovoltaic system, the pumped volume was of approximately 5000 m3 / h with wind system and the pumped volume was 6 m3/ha. The wind sets showed low efficiency when compared to the photovoltaic systems, which are more efficient
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