Due to the advantages of deep learning, in this paper, a regularized deep feature extraction (FE) method is presented for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed approach employs several convolutional and pooling layers to extract deep features from HSIs, which are nonlinear, discriminant, and invariant. These features are useful for image classification and target detection. Furthermore, in order to address the common issue of imbalance between high dimensionality and limited availability of training samples for the classification of HSI, a few strategies such as L2 regularization and dropout are investigated to avoid overfitting in class data modeling. More importantly, we propose a 3-D CNN-based FE model with combined regularization to extract effective spectral-spatial features of hyperspectral imagery. Finally, in order to further improve the performance, a virtual sample enhanced method is proposed. The proposed approaches are carried out on three widely used hyperspectral data sets:

SummaryEthylene is required for climacteric fruit ripening. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase, prevents or delays ripening, but it is not known how these genes are modulated during normal development. LeHB-1, a previously uncharacterized tomato homeobox protein, was shown by gel retardation assay to interact with the promoter of LeACO1, an ACC oxidase gene expressed during ripening. Inhibition of LeHB-1 mRNA accumulation in tomato fruit, using virus-induced gene silencing, greatly reduced LeACO1 mRNA levels, and inhibited ripening. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of LeHB-1 by viral delivery to developing flowers elsewhere on injected plants triggered altered floral organ morphology, including production of multiple flowers within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel-like structures that grew into fruits and ripened. Our findings suggest that LeHB-1 is not only involved in the control of ripening but also plays a critical role in floral organogenesis.

With the rapid development of "Internet plus", medical care has entered the era of big data. However, there is little research on medical big data (MBD) from the perspectives of bibliometrics and visualization. The substantive research on the basic aspects of MBD itself is also rare. This study aims to explore the current status of medical big data through visualization analysis on the journal papers related to MBD. We analyze a total of 988 references which were downloaded from the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Science Citation Index databases from Web of Science and the time span was defined as "all years". The GraphPad Prism 5, VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares are used for analysis. Many results concerning the annual trends, the top players in terms of journal and institute levels, the citations and H-index in terms of country level, the keywords distribution, the highly cited papers, the co-authorship status and the most influential journals and authors are presented in this paper. This study points out the development status and trends on MBD. It can help people in the medical profession to get comprehensive understanding on the state of the art of MBD. It also has reference values for the research and application of the MBD visualization methods.

Mutant p53 (mtp53) promotes chemotherapy resistance through multiple mechanisms, including disabling proapoptotic proteins and regulating gene expression. Comparison of genome wide analysis of mtp53 binding revealed that the ETS-binding site motif (EBS) is prevalent within predicted mtp53-binding sites. We demonstrate that mtp53 regulates gene expression through EBS in promoters and that ETS2 mediates the interaction with this motif. Importantly, we identified TDP2, a 59-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase involved in the repair of DNA damage caused by etoposide, as a transcriptional target of mtp53. We demonstrate that suppression of TDP2 sensitizes mtp53-expressing cells to etoposide and that mtp53 and TDP2 are frequently overexpressed in human lung cancer; thus, our analysis identifies a potentially ''druggable'' component of mtp53's gain-of-function activity.[Keywords: TDP2; cancer; p53] Supplemental material is available for this article. One of the definitive characteristics of the mutant p53 (mtp53) protein is that it can alter the cellular phenotype, resulting in the acquisition of gain-of-function activities such as abnormal cell growth, suppression of apoptosis, chemotherapy resistance, increased angiogenesis, and metastasis ( For example, mtp53 can interact with its family members, p63 and p73, and disable their ability to induce apoptosis (Di Como et al. 1999;Marin et al. 2000;Strano et al. 2000Strano et al. , 2002Gaiddon et al. 2001;Bergamaschi et al. 2003;Irwin et al. 2003;Lang et al. 2004). mtp53 can also interact with other transcription factors (such as NF-Y, E2F1, VDR, and p63) and thereby can be recruited to target genes that have consensus binding sites for these transcription factors (Di Agostino et al. 2006;Adorno et al. 2009;Fontemaggi et al. 2009;Stambolsky et al. 2010). Notably, some of these interactions help explain how the mtp53 protein can deregulate gene expression and promote abnormal cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis (Di Agostino et al. 2006;Adorno et al. 2009;Fontemaggi et al. 2009;Muller et al. 2009Muller et al. , 2011. However, thus far, none of these transcription factors have been shown to play a fundamental role in regulating the expression of genes that can confer chemotherapy resistance by modulating the response to DNA damage. The main goal of this study was to identify a transcriptional regulatory mechanism through which mtp53 can promote chemotherapy resistance. Results Identification of mtp53 target genesTo identify transcriptional targets of mtp53, we employed two different approaches: chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip and ChIP combined with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq). The ChIP-on-chip was performed with Nimblegen arrays that have oligonucleotide probes for all of the promoters in the human genome (Nimblegen Promoter Arrays). The ChIP-seq analysis was performed using the Illumina platform. We conducted these analyses in the Li-Fraumeni cell line MDAH087, which expresses only the R248W mtp53 protein (Bischoff et al. 1990). The ChIP-on-chip analysis identif...

Berries are a good source of natural antioxidants. In the present study, the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of three berry fruits (blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry) cultivated in Nanjing were investigated. Blueberry, with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 14.98 mmol Trolox/100 g dry weight (DW), exhibited the strongest total antioxidant capacity using both the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Blueberry also had the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 9.44 mg gallic acid/g DW), total flavonoid content (TFC, 36.08 mg rutin/g DW), and total anthocyanidin content (TAC, 24.38 mg catechin/g DW). A preliminary analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry samples tested contained a range of phenolic acids (including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, and cinnamic acid) and various types of flavonoids (flavone: luteolin; flavonols: rutin, myricetin, quercetrin, and quercetin; flavanols: gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, and catechin gallate; anthocyanidins: malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin). In particular, the blueberries had high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins, which might be responsible for their strong antioxidant activities. These results indicate a potential market role for berries (especially blueberries) as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its catabolite dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are key marine nutrients 1,2 , with roles in global sulfur cycling 2 , atmospheric chemistry 3 , signalling 4,5 and, potentially, climate regulation 6,7. DMSP production was previously thought to be an oxic and photic process, mainly confined to the surface oceans. 2 However, here we show that DMSP concentrations and DMSP/DMS synthesis rates were higher in surface marine sediment from e.g., saltmarsh ponds, estuaries and the deep ocean than in the overlying seawater. A quarter of bacterial strains isolated from saltmarsh sediment produced DMSP (up to 73 mM), and previously unknown DMSPproducers were identified. Most DMSP-producing isolates contained dsyB 8 , but some alphaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria and actinobacteria utilised a methionine methylation pathway independent of DsyB, previously only associated with higher plants. These bacteria contained a methionine methyltransferase 'mmtN' gene-a marker for bacterial DMSP synthesis via this pathway. DMSP-producing bacteria and their dsyB and/or mmtN transcripts were present in all tested seawater samples and Tara Oceans bacterioplankton datasets, but were far more abundant in marine surface sediment. Approximately 10 8 bacteria per gram of surface marine sediment are predicted to produce DMSP, and their contribution to this process should be included in future models of global DMSP production. We propose that coastal and marine sediments, which cover a large part of the Earth's surface, are environments with high DMSP and DMS productivity, and that bacteria are important producers within them. Approximately eight billion tonnes of DMSP is produced by phytoplankton in the Earth's surface oceans annually 9. However, surface sediment from saltmarsh ponds, an estuary and the deep ocean (with high pressures and no light) contained DMSP levels (5-128 nmol DMSP g-1) that were up to ~three orders of magnitude higher than the overlying seawater (0.01-0.70 nmol DMSP ml-1) (Fig. 1a-b, Supplementary Tables 1a and 2), a phenomenon also observed in 10,11. DMSP concentration decreased with depth, being much lower in anoxic sediment, but even in deeper sediments the concentration was approximately an order of magnitude higher than in the overlying seawater (Supplementary Table 1a). This study focused on DMSP synthesis in coastal surface sediments, where DMSP concentrations were highest. The

His research interests include molecular epidemiologic studies on viral and bacterial diseases. References 1. World Health Organization. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [cited 2020 Feb 18]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-internationalhealth-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regardingthe-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) 2. Zhu N,

Dioecious plant species represent an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, little is known about sexspecific responses to drought and elevated temperatures. Populus cathayana Rehd, which is a dioecious, deciduous tree species, widely distributed in the northern, central and southwestern regions of China, was employed as a model species in our study. In closed-top chamber experiments, sex-specific morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of P. cathayana to drought and different elevated temperatures were investigated. Compared with the controls, drought significantly decreased the growth and the net photosynthesis rate (A), and increased the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), carbon isotope composition (d