Holters may accommodate the demand of daily health monitoring of hearts. [14][15][16] But current ECG monitoring systems either contain small numbers of leads that are used as consumer electronics for diagnosing limited numbers of symptoms [17][18][19][20] or contains multiple rigid leads that are prone to the influence of motions and are unable to conduct dynamic measurement. [21,22] Flexible electronic systems have demonstrated their capabilities in adapting skin contour and skin motion, minimizing the issues of motion artifacts and mechanical mismatches between conventional rigid electronic materials and soft skin. They have been demonstrated as varieties of wearable sensing patches to record physical parameters such as temperature, [23,24] humidity, [25][26][27] blood pressure, [28][29][30] and strain [31,32] as well as chemicals such as ions, [33,34] glucose, [35,36] and blood oxygen. [37,38] Flexible ECG systems have also been explored in the context of stretchable electrodes, [39,40] novel conductive electrode materials, [40][41][42][43] capacitive sensing, [44,45] and flexible hybrid electronics. [46][47][48] However, the majority of these ECG systems are based on single lead detection with a small sensing area, lacking the capability to comprehensively probe the hearts from different angles and the compatibility with clinical standards that are built on 12-lead ECG. [49,50] Flexible 12-lead ECG systems may offer precise and comprehensive detection results that abide by the clinical requirements with excellent tolerance to body motion and skin contour. However, such systems have seldomly been reported due to the complexity in constructing flexible systems that cover large surface areas while maintaining high stability in motion and skin deformation. As a result, a flexible 12-lead system in integrating with skin and potential influence factors to the performance of this system has rarely been studied.Here, we developed a flexible 12-lead ECG system that can simultaneously conduct electrocardiogram sensing and threeaxis acceleration monitoring. The system that contains a flexible sensor formed by modularized components and a flexible wireless measurement circuit. The sensing components are screen-printed and assembled to cover almost the entire chest area with adjustable dimensions to adapt to different body shapes. The design of individual components in the sensor Dynamic multilead monitoring of cardiovascular health conditions is challenging due to the complexity of constructing a flexible system that covers large surface areas and synchronizes measurement results from different leads. A flexible 12-lead electrocardiography system that can simultaneously conduct electrocardiogram sensing and 3-axis acceleration monitoring is developed. The system is fabricated through a modularized printing process, resulting in individual modules that can be assembled reversibly through magnetic connectors. Different levels of stretchability and adjustable length of interconnect can accommodate different body statures a...
Low-cost, rapid patterning of liquid metal on various substrates is a key processing step for liquid metal-based soft electronics. Current patterning methods rely on expensive equipment and specific substrates, which severely limit their widespread applications. Based on surface adhesion adjustment of liquid metal through thermal transferring toner patterns, we present a universal printing technique of liquid metal circuits. Without using any expensive processing steps or equipment, the circuit patterns can be printed quickly on thermal transfer paper using a desktop laser printer, and a toner on the thermal transfer paper can be transferred to various smooth substrates and polymer-coated rough substrates. The technique has yielded liquid metal circuits with a minimum linewidth of 50 μm fabricated on various smooth, rough, and three-dimensional substrates with complex morphology. The liquid metal circuits can maintain their functions even under an extreme strain of 800%. Various circuits such as LED arrays, multiple sensors, a flexible display, a heating circuit, a radiofrequency identification circuit, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram circuit on various substrates have been demonstrated, indicating the great potential of such a technique to rapidly achieve large-area flexible circuits for wearable health monitoring, internet of things, and consumer electronics at low cost and high efficiency.
In situ fabrication of wearable devices through coating approaches is a promising solution for the fast deployment of wearable devices and more adaptable devices for different sensing demands. However, heat, solvent, and mechanical sensitivity of biological tissues, along with personal compliance, pose strict requirements for coating materials and methods. To address this, a biocompatible and biodegradable light-curable conductive ink and an all-in-one flexible system that conducts in situ injection and photonic curing of the ink as well as monitoring of biophysiological information have been developed. The ink can be solidified through spontaneous phase changes and photonic cured to achieve a high mechanical strength of 7.48 MPa and an excellent electrical conductivity of 3.57 × 10 5 S/m. The flexible system contains elastic injection chambers embedded with specially designed optical waveguides to uniformly dissipate visible LED light throughout the chambers and rapidly cure the ink in 5 min. The resulting conductive electrodes offer intimate skin contact even with the existence of hair and work stably even under an acceleration of 8 g, leading to a robust wearable system capable of working under intense motion, heavy sweating, and varied surface morphology. Similar concepts may lead to various rapidly deployable wearable systems that offer excellent adaptability to different monitoring demands for the health tracking of large populations.
Advances in wearable bioelectronics interfacing directly with skin offer important tools for non‐invasive measurements of physiological parameters. However, wearable monitoring devices majorly conduct static sensing to avoid signal disturbance and unreliable contact with the skin. Dynamic multiparameter sensing is challenging even with the advanced flexible skin patches. This epidermal electronics system with self‐adhesive conductive electrodes to supply stable skin contact and a unique synchronous correlation peak extraction (SCPE) algorithm to minimize motion artifacts in the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. The skin patch system can simultaneously and precisely monitor electrocardiogram (ECG), PPG, body temperature, and acceleration on chests undergoing daily activities. The low latency between the ECG and the PPG signals enables the SCPE algorithm that leads to reduced errors in deduced heart rates and improved performance in oxygen level determination than conventional adaptive filtering and wavelet transformation approaches. Dynamic multiparameter recording over 24 h by the system can reflect the circadian patterns of the wearers with low disturbance from motion artifacts. This demonstrated system may be applied for health monitoring in large populations to alleviate pressure on medical systems and assist management of public health crisis.
of electrostatic absorption, the masks can effectively prevent respiratory droplets and airborne bacteria. To maintain the protective effect of masks, both the World Health Organization and the National Health Commission of China recommend the maximum duration of the surgical masks to be 2-6 h by considering factors such as hygiene, damage, breathing resistance, and total mass filter loading. [1,2] The extended usage of masks in daily activities and the need for frequent replacement of masks have yielded more than 1500 billion wasted masks in 2020 alone. [3,4] These obsoleted masks have become major biohazards for hosting and transporting viruses and contaminating water and soil. Mechanisms such as inherent antibacterial properties, [5] photocatalytic effect, [6] and photothermal effect [7] may be used to eliminate attached pathogens while maintaining the electrostatic absorption and physical barrier properties of masks, resulting in a reduced need for frequent replacement of the masks.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique characteristics [8] such as large surface areas, high porosity, angstrom-sized windows, and excellent biocompatibility, showing promising applications in water purification, [9,10] heterogeneous catalyzes, [11] and drug delivery. [12] MOFs have also been considered novel antibacterial agents [6] and gas adsorbents. [13] Free ions of Ag, Cu, Ni, or Zn released continuously from the metallic clusters of MOFs have been demonstrated to possess a long-lasting antibacterial effect. [6,14,15] Organic ligands such as imidazoles, polysaccharides, and porphyrins can restrain bacterial activity due to oxidative stress reactions. [16,17] Among the MOFs with antibacterial capability, ZIF-8 has been demonstrated with more than 99.99% photocatalytic killing efficiency in 30 min and 97% particulate matter (PM) filtration efficiency. [6] It has also exhibited a photocatalytic effect that led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of killing pathogens and decomposing total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Even so, the improved prevention and disinfection effect by jointly considering the slow releasing of metal ions, organic ligands, and photocatalysis still demands further investigation. The unique capability of ZIF-8 in PM removal, bacterial disinfection, and TVOC decomposition suggests that it can be an excellent alternative to conventional melt-blown non-woven fabrics used as filtration membranes in Masks are essential personal protective equipment during pandemics. Conventional masks that act as physical barriers due to size-dependence filtration and electrostatic absorption may quickly lose their protection effectiveness due to surface degradation, generating massive obsoleted masks and ecological contamination. Here, a self-purifying smart mask that combines active protection to airborne particles and hazardous gases while conducting real-time monitoring is developed. Electrospun ZIF-8/polyacrylonitrile membranes are used to replace melt-blown non-woven fabrics without addit...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.