A Flexible and Stretchable 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram System with Individually Deformable Interconnects

Abstract

Holters may accommodate the demand of daily health monitoring of hearts. [14][15][16] But current ECG monitoring systems either contain small numbers of leads that are used as consumer electronics for diagnosing limited numbers of symptoms [17][18][19][20] or contains multiple rigid leads that are prone to the influence of motions and are unable to conduct dynamic measurement. [21,22] Flexible electronic systems have demonstrated their capabilities in adapting skin contour and skin motion, minimizing the issues of motion artifacts and mechanical mismatches between conventional rigid electronic materials and soft skin. They have been demonstrated as varieties of wearable sensing patches to record physical parameters such as temperature, [23,24] humidity, [25][26][27] blood pressure, [28][29][30] and strain [31,32] as well as chemicals such as ions, [33,34] glucose, [35,36] and blood oxygen. [37,38] Flexible ECG systems have also been explored in the context of stretchable electrodes, [39,40] novel conductive electrode materials, [40][41][42][43] capacitive sensing, [44,45] and flexible hybrid electronics. [46][47][48] However, the majority of these ECG systems are based on single lead detection with a small sensing area, lacking the capability to comprehensively probe the hearts from different angles and the compatibility with clinical standards that are built on 12-lead ECG. [49,50] Flexible 12-lead ECG systems may offer precise and comprehensive detection results that abide by the clinical requirements with excellent tolerance to body motion and skin contour. However, such systems have seldomly been reported due to the complexity in constructing flexible systems that cover large surface areas while maintaining high stability in motion and skin deformation. As a result, a flexible 12-lead system in integrating with skin and potential influence factors to the performance of this system has rarely been studied.Here, we developed a flexible 12-lead ECG system that can simultaneously conduct electrocardiogram sensing and threeaxis acceleration monitoring. The system that contains a flexible sensor formed by modularized components and a flexible wireless measurement circuit. The sensing components are screen-printed and assembled to cover almost the entire chest area with adjustable dimensions to adapt to different body shapes. The design of individual components in the sensor Dynamic multilead monitoring of cardiovascular health conditions is challenging due to the complexity of constructing a flexible system that covers large surface areas and synchronizes measurement results from different leads. A flexible 12-lead electrocardiography system that can simultaneously conduct electrocardiogram sensing and 3-axis acceleration monitoring is developed. The system is fabricated through a modularized printing process, resulting in individual modules that can be assembled reversibly through magnetic connectors. Different levels of stretchability and adjustable length of interconnect can accommodate different body statures a...

Techniques and Materials for High‐Throughput Fabrication and Integration of Multiparameter Flexible Skin Patches

“…A fully integrated sensor demonstrates excellent adaptability to skin contours and deformation (Figure 1c). The UV‐curable insulating ink, conductive Ag paste, and silicone adhesive layer used here are the same as in our previous publication [ 9 ] in which the water vapor permeability, skin irritation, and cytotoxicity of the substrates and the composite materials have been investigated systematically. The results have indicated excellent permeability similar to commercial medical dressing and good biocompatibility to both skin and human keratinocytes.…”

“…In contrast, ultrathin flexible and stretchable electronics that can directly attach to the skin have demonstrated their potential in long‐term vital sign monitoring. [ 4–8 ] These systems that work as electronic skin patches conduct accurate physical [ 9,10 ] and chemical [ 11,12 ] sensing capabilities with clinical precision, facilitating the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases. [ 13,14 ]…”

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These systems that work as electronic skin patches conduct accurate physical [9,10] and chemical [11,12] sensing capabilities with clinical precision, facilitating the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases. [13,14] Rapid manufacturing and large-scale deployment of electronic skin patches may greatly facilitate disease tracking and health management of large populations.

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Advances in Biosignal Sensing and Signal Processing Methods with Wearable Devices

“…with permission from ACS. (E) Flexible and stretchable wearable 12‐lead ECG system, reprinted from, [28] copyright(2021), Wan et al. with permission from Wiley.…”

Continuously Quantifying Oral Chemicals Based on Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Clinical Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Study

“…Emerging biointegrated flexible electronics feature conformal and intimate contact to the soft and curved tissues with numerous demonstrations in sensing physiological signals such as temperature [ 13 ], pressure [ 14 ], heart rate [ 15 ], and biopotential [ 16 ], as well as chemicals such as glucose [ 17 ], lactate [ 18 ], cortisol [ 19 ], neurotransmitters [ 20 ], and electrolytes [ 21 ]. Such flexible devices capable of detecting various vital signals have been conformally integrated on the skin for simultaneous and selective monitoring of a panel of biomarkers in sweat [ 22 , 23 ].…”