Stable and Dynamic Multiparameter Monitoring on Chests Using Flexible Skin Patches with Self‐Adhesive Electrodes and a Synchronous Correlation Peak Extraction Algorithm

Abstract

Advances in wearable bioelectronics interfacing directly with skin offer important tools for non‐invasive measurements of physiological parameters. However, wearable monitoring devices majorly conduct static sensing to avoid signal disturbance and unreliable contact with the skin. Dynamic multiparameter sensing is challenging even with the advanced flexible skin patches. This epidermal electronics system with self‐adhesive conductive electrodes to supply stable skin contact and a unique synchronous correlation peak extraction (SCPE) algorithm to minimize motion artifacts in the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. The skin patch system can simultaneously and precisely monitor electrocardiogram (ECG), PPG, body temperature, and acceleration on chests undergoing daily activities. The low latency between the ECG and the PPG signals enables the SCPE algorithm that leads to reduced errors in deduced heart rates and improved performance in oxygen level determination than conventional adaptive filtering and wavelet transformation approaches. Dynamic multiparameter recording over 24 h by the system can reflect the circadian patterns of the wearers with low disturbance from motion artifacts. This demonstrated system may be applied for health monitoring in large populations to alleviate pressure on medical systems and assist management of public health crisis.

In Situ Formation of Conductive Epidermal Electrodes Using a Fully Integrated Flexible System and Injectable Photocurable Ink

“…As the acceleration increased from 1 g to 6 g, the ECG signals maintained a flat baseline and clearly displayed characteristic peaks such as QRS complex, P waves, and T waves. Even at an acceleration of 8 g, the R peaks were still easily distinguishable, suggesting that the system can perform measurement in very dynamic motions and perform better than many previously reported systems that only work below 5 g. 47,48 The system was eventually fractured at 9 g, as the detaching force caused by the weight of the circuit exceeds the cohesive force of the material. As the maximum acceleration of the arm during running may approach 7.5 g, 49 while the acceleration of the chest is below 2.5 g, 47 the electrodes formed in situ can meet the demands to monitor daily activities at most body positions.…”

Ultrasound-assisted green and efficient extraction of polysaccharides from Chlorella vulgaris using deep eutectic solvents and improving their performance

“…In addition, the results in Table 1 show that among the 33 subjects, none had any adverse reactions during the patch closure test. 43,44 Therefore, Chlorella vulgaris extract is safe for humans and does not cause adverse reactions in human skin.…”

Recent Progress in Flexible and Wearable All Organic Photoplethysmography Sensors for SpO2 Monitoring

“…This drastically reduces additional noises and simply improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Nonetheless, oximeters may also integrate intelligent algorithms, signal processing, noise filters, and continuous contact impedance measurement techniques to produce quality PPG signals and accurate data [165][166][167][168][169][170][171] Further, the pressure imparted by a sensing probe on the sensing location can also cause variations in the magnitude of the recorded PPG signals. This pressure can cause compressional stress, leading to deformations in the arterial geometry and alterations of the obtained PPG signal.…”

“…This drastically reduces additional noises and simply improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Nonetheless, oximeters may also integrate intelligent algorithms, signal processing, noise filters, and continuous contact impedance measurement techniques to produce quality PPG signals and accurate data [ 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ]…”