The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) could reflect dental aesthetic degrees evaluated by traditional dental aesthetic indices. However, no Chinese version of PIDAQ has been used. The aim of this study was to translate the original English version of PIDAQ into Chinese and to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version for application in Chinese young adults. The questionnaire was translated into Chinese, back translated, pre-tested, and cross-culturally adapted. Subsequently, the Chinese version of PIDAQ along with two other scales, the aesthetic component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Perception of Occlusion Scale, were administered to 436 young adults from the city of Guangzhou, China. Two hundred and twenty-five of them perceived 'have demand' for orthodontics and 221 perceived 'no demand'. Cronbach's alpha of the translated PIDAQ was 0.94, corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.39 to 0.81. The 23 items of PIDAQ were divided into three domains. There was a logical relation between the items in the same domain and a highly significant association between scores of PIDAQ and the two other scales. The 'have demand' group scored significantly higher than the 'no demand' group using PIDAQ (P < 0.01). The translated Chinese version of PIDAQ demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Its sufficient discriminative and evaluative psychometric properties provide the theoretical evidence for further use in study on orthodontic-specific aspects of quality of life among Chinese young adults.
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are vital in cellular regeneration and tissue repair due to their multilineage differentiation potential. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been applied for treating bone and cartilage defects. This study explored the role of LIPUS in the immunomodulation and osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were cultured in vitro, and the effect of different intensities of LIPUS (30, 60, and 90 mW/cm 2 ) on hPDLSC viability was measured. hPDLSCs irradiated by LIPUS and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LIPUS (90 mW/cm2) were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Levels of immunomodulatory factors in hPDLSCs and inflammatory factors in PBMCs were estimated, along with determination of osteogenesis-related gene expression in LIPUS-irradiated hPDLSCs. The mineralized nodules and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLSCs and levels of IκBα, p-IκBα, and p65 subunits of NF-κB were determined. hPDLSC viability was increased as LIPUS intensity increased. Immunomodulatory factors were elevated in LIPUS-irradiated hPDLSCs, and inflammatory factors were reduced in PBMCs. Osteogenesis-related genes, mineralized nodules, and ALP activity were promoted in LIPUS-irradiated hPDLSCs. The cytoplasm of hPDLSCs showed increased IκBα and p65 and decreased p-IκBα at increased LIPUS intensity. After LPS and LIPUS treatment, the inhibitory effect of LIPUS irradiation on the NF-κB pathway was partially reversed, and the immunoregulation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were decreased. LIPUS irradiation enhanced immunomodulation and osteogenic differentiation abilities of hPDLSCs by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, and the effect is dose-dependent. This study may offer novel insights relevant to periodontal tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract
Background Nanodiamonds (NDs) have been demonstrated to have bactericidal activity on several microorganisms and can be used in various kinds of dental materials. NDs are potential candidates for antibacterial dental materials. However, the possible inhibitory effect of NDs on oral pathogenic bacteria is largely unknown. This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of carboxylated nanodiamond (cND) on Streptococcus mutans. Methods Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm carboxyl groups on the surface of commercial cND. The inhibitory effect of serially diluted cND on S. mutans was evaluated by spectrophotometry and plating methods. Escherichia coli was treated as a positive control in spectrophotometry. Chlorhexidine was used as a positive control in plating methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to confirm the antibacterial activity of cND. Results The results showed that cND exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans. For S. mutans, the minimum inhibitory concentration was 4 μg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 16 μg/ml. SEM and TEM results indicated that cND functioned as an antibacterial agent, likely due to its ability to disrupt the cell membrane of S. mutans. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings demonstrated an inhibitory effect of cND on S. mutans and suggest its use as a potential antibacterial dental material.
Aims: To examine orthodontic patients’ aesthetic perception and factors likely to influence the detection of a dentofacial midline discrepancy. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was designed to invite an orthodontic population to evaluate and select an ideal value, a detectable value and a tolerable value from a series of images exhibiting a dentofacial midline discrepancy. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate possible influencing factors. Results: A barely discernable dentofacial midline discrepancy ranged between -0.020 ± 0.38 mm. The personal characteristics of the evaluators appeared to have no appreciable effect at this level. A detectable value was 1.33 ± 0.63 mm and the education level, orthodontic history and malocclusion severity were influencing factors amongst the assessors. A tolerable value was 2.63 ± 0.94 mm and influencing factors included the education level and the malocclusion severity of the evaluators. Conclusion: The barely discernable value, detectable value and tolerable value could be used to quantify the aesthetic perception of orthodontic patients regarding a dentofacial midline discrepancy. The aesthetic perception was influenced by observer education level, orthodontic history and personal malocclusion severity, but not by age, gender, and subjective evaluation of dentofacial appearance.
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