Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire

Abstract

The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) could reflect dental aesthetic degrees evaluated by traditional dental aesthetic indices. However, no Chinese version of PIDAQ has been used. The aim of this study was to translate the original English version of PIDAQ into Chinese and to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version for application in Chinese young adults. The questionnaire was translated into Chinese, back translated, pre-tested, and cross-culturally adapted. Subsequently, the Chinese version of PIDAQ along with two other scales, the aesthetic component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Perception of Occlusion Scale, were administered to 436 young adults from the city of Guangzhou, China. Two hundred and twenty-five of them perceived 'have demand' for orthodontics and 221 perceived 'no demand'. Cronbach's alpha of the translated PIDAQ was 0.94, corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.39 to 0.81. The 23 items of PIDAQ were divided into three domains. There was a logical relation between the items in the same domain and a highly significant association between scores of PIDAQ and the two other scales. The 'have demand' group scored significantly higher than the 'no demand' group using PIDAQ (P < 0.01). The translated Chinese version of PIDAQ demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Its sufficient discriminative and evaluative psychometric properties provide the theoretical evidence for further use in study on orthodontic-specific aspects of quality of life among Chinese young adults.

The psychosocial impacts of implantation on the dental aesthetics of missing anterior teeth patients

“…This questionnaire was validated for a Chinese population in previous studies and was judged valid and reliable. 26 The PIDAQ test measures three dimensions of psychosocial impacts, and is, simply, a reproducible, statistically easy test to use and can be completed in a short time. Studies about PIDAQ should be undertaken in patients undergoing oral restorative treatment in the anterior region 38 and implantation of missing anterior teeth is a very important restorative procedure.…”

“…25 Prior work has also shown that the translated Chinese version of PIDAQ demonstrates good reliability, validity and responsiveness. 26 The use of PIDAQ to assess the implant effects of missing anterior teeth…”

Responsiveness of the Prosthetic Esthetic Scale

“…Patient-based measures of oral esthetics has readily been developed and tested for responsiveness [17][18][19] The few [7][8][9]20] and no other professionally administered measure of oral esthetics than the PEI has been tested for responsiveness, which makes a comparison to other studies difficult.…”

Effect of incisor position on the self-perceived psychosocial impacts of malocclusion among Chinese young adults

“…Some studies had translated and culturally adapted the original English version into other language such as Portuguese 25 and Chinese. 26 Although there is a validated Chinese version of PIDAQ, 26 our version of Chinese PIDAQ was developed independently. Briefly, according to the procedure proposed by the International Quality of Life Assessment, 33 a pilot study similar to that of Sardenberg et al 25 was used to translate, back translate, and culturally adapt the original English version into Chinese.…”

“…Previous studies have confirmed its validity in different countries with different languages. [25][26][27] On the other hand, the method by which malocclusion is defined is important in studies evaluating OHRQoL with respect to malocclusion. Although previous studies frequently used the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) [9][10][11]21,25 and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) 8,23,24,[28][29][30] to define malocclusion, Angle's Classification is most widely used to define malocclusion clinically.…”