The naturally fermented yak yogurt of pastoralists in the Tibetan Plateau, China, because of its unique geographical environment and the unique lifestyle of Tibetan pastoralists, is very different from other kinds of sour milk, and the microorganisms it contains are special. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HFY14 (LLSL-HFY14) is a new lactic acid bacterium isolated from naturally fermented yak yogurt. The purpose of this study was to study the inhibitory effect of the bacterium on constipation. Methods: Constipation was induced in ICR mice with diphenoxylate, and the constipated mice were treated with LLSL-HFY14. The weight and feces of the mice were visually detected. Colonic tissues were observed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Serum indices were detected with kits. mRNA expression in the colon was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Constipation caused weight loss, the number of defecation granules, defecation weight, fecal water content decreased, and the first black stool excretion time increased. LLSL-HFY14 alleviated these symptoms, and the effects were similar to those of lactulose (drug). The pathological examination revealed that constipation caused pathological changes in the colon, and LLSL-HFY14 effectively alleviated the disease. LLSL-HFY14 increased serum levels of motilin, gastrin, endothelin, substance P, acetylcholinesterase, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and decreased serum levels of somatostatin in constipated mice. In addition, LLSL-HFY14 upregulated VIP, cAMP, protein kinase A, and aquaporin 3 expression in colonic tissues of constipated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: LLSL-HFY14 inhibited constipation, similar to lactulose, and has the potential to become a biological agent.
In the period of maturing oil field deve-lopment, on one hand, water saturation becomes higher and higher, on the other hand, lots of moveable oil still stays in the reservoir. The main reason for this case is determined by the variation of the reservoir, so the main job for geologists is to know the heterogeneity and continuity of the reservoir. In this case, the well spaces are about 200-300 meters. In order to give a relatively reliable prediction of the reservoir variation between wells, we must build a prototype model and know the real condition of the reservoir. During the past 5 years, we have studied the fan-delta outcrop and built a very detailed prototype model and established sets of geological knowledge databases, which include lithology database, microfacies database, sandbody scale database and many geological statistic databases. According to these useful databases, we can predict the heterogeneity and oil saturation of maturing oilfield in different blocks and different layers. A few wells have been drilled according to our prediction through prototype model, and the oil saturation is 5-7 times higher than the old wells. Prototype model is very useful in the oilfield reservoir hetero-geneity prediction, which have the same or similar depositional environment. In order to predict the reservoir variation of different depositional reservoir, series of prototype models must be built. Introduction The content of establishing geological know-ledge database developed at the same time with the foundation of geology and especially the reservoir geology, it becomes more com-plete and perfect along with the other disciplinary continuous development. But the conception of geological knowledge database was shaped from the content studied by geology and its research achievement only decade ago. As we know, the direct subsurface information received from drilling core and the indirect information from the logging record amount to only tiny percent of the total formation volume. Seismic explanation can describe the 3-D characteristics of reservoir in theory. But the vertical resolution can't satisfy the development. In this situation, to predict the 3-D characteristics of reservoir from the finite data, geologists must establish detailed reservoir geological knowledge database about such type of depositional system and depend on it, a practicable reservoir prediction method. So, the construction of reservoir geological knowledge database is basic for un-derground reservoir precise prediction be-tween wells in oilfield and is also the key to establish accurate geological model. The reservoir geological knowledge data-base is referred to the general parameter that generated and derived from the multitude of researches which can quantitatively and quali-tatively express the geological characteristics of different genetic reservoir units and can pre-dict the similar sedimentary system. It can be used to guide the researching, predicting and modeling of studying reservoir. For example, the shape of different genetic units is a qualit-ative geological knowledge database; and the W/T ratio of channel sandbody is a quantit-ative geological knowledge database. The methods to require geological know-ledge data-base is numerous, but the most important are the detailed research from the outcrop, modern deposition and the dense well pattern in oil field. The outcrop is much superior to other methods for constructing the geological knowledge database because of its distinguishing features.
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