BackgroundAs the prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer (TC) has been increasing dramatically in recent years, the association between the two diseases has been widely debated and studied. However, no consistent findings are available and the relationship remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed the influence of HT on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and investigated the relationship between HT and TC.MethodsFrom Jan 2017 to Apr 2021, 4678 patients underwent thyroid surgery were collected. Of these patients, 440 were diagnosed with HT (242 nodular goiter (NG) with HT, 198 TC with HT). These patients were grouped when appropriate and the data from these patients were statistically analyzed by using SPSS and GraphPad Prism 6.ResultsHT occurred in 198 of 1089 (18.2%) TC patients and 242 of 3589 (6.74%) patients without TC (p=0.000). In terms of the ultrasonography features, in the NG with HT group, 33.1% (80/242) of patients had fine calcification and 45.9% (111/242) of patients whose TI-RADS classification were > Level 3. In the isolated PTC group, 32.3% (2343/7260) LN were metastasis-positive while in the NG with HT group, only 26.0% (504/1939) LN were metastasis-positive (P=0.000). The proportion of PTMC was significantly higher (P=0.000), while the proportion of multifocal carcinoma was significantly lower when coexisting with HT (P=0.029). When comparing the data from the two groups diagnosed as PTMC coexisting with HT or not, there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of tumor number, LN metastasis, LN dissection area, regional LN metastasis and number of negative/positive LN (P=0.614, P=0.051, P=0.139, P=0.350, P=1.000 and P=0.333 respectively). In the MPTC group, 42.2% (872/2065) LN were metastasis-positive while in the MPTC with HT group, only 23.6% (50/212) LN were metastasis-positive (P=0.000).ConclusionsOur data suggested that HT is associated with an increased risk of developing TC but may be a protective factor against PTC progression and metastasis. The coexistence of HT affects the judgment of thyroid nodules by ultrasonography.
In order to improve the working performance and service life of the in-wheel motor for micro-electric vehicle, the outer rotor in-wheel motor of micro-electric vehicle is designed and the model is analyzed, which are based on the theory of electromagnetic field and working principle of the motor. Besides, the size of the micro-electric vehicle wheel is optimized and designed, and the length of the internal and external diameters of inner stator and outer rotor of the outer rotor in-wheel motor are designed and calculated. According to the air-gap selection principles, the parameter of air gap is designed and determined. Some important parameters are derived and calculated, such as the pole-arc coefficient, airgap magnetic flux density, gap coefficient, and the coefficient of air-gap flux waveforms. The finite element model outer rotor of in-wheel motor is established by Ansoft Maxwell software, and the finite element mesh subdivision is carried on. Magnetic flux densities, magnetic field strength, and magnetic line of force are analyzed by dynamic simulation, and the starting characteristics and the change of torque curve are studied and analyzed. The final simulation analysis results are in good agreement with the design calculation results, which indicate that design scheme of outer rotor in-wheel motor is useful that can meet the performance requirements of outer rotor in-wheel motor for micro-electric vehicle.
Heat losses of in-wheel motor for micro-electric vehicles are computed and analysed, which can enhance the dependability, efficiency, safety and lifetime for in-wheel motor. The theory-practice combination method is adopted. The computational mathematics model of heat losses is set up, which is regarded as the study goal. The field-circuit coupling and the electromagnetic-thermal coupling model are regarded as the breakthrough point, and electromagnetic structures of in-wheel motor are systematically optimised. The control equations of incremental steps alternating solving multiple fields are calculated and analysed. An electromagnetic-thermal coupling calculation model is established. Calculation results are verified to illustrate heat losses principle and uncover the internal mechanism of electromagnetic-thermal coupling field for in-wheel motor. This paper will propose a complete set of integrated modelling method and coupling algorithm of electromagnetic-thermal coupling field, which can provide theoretical and technical support for improving in-wheel motor quality and property of microelectric vehicles.
In order to increase efficiency and reliability of hub motor power device for distributed driving electric vehicle, a novel hub motor with an external rotor PM (permanent magnet) is designed and optimized. The performance parameters of hub motor are computed and selected based on vehicle dynamics indicators and the driving equations. This paper determines the optimum primary size of hub motor by choosing appropriate magnetic circuit structure and integrating three key parameters, including as stator split ratio, electromagnetic load and viscous damping coefficient. This paper has built the analysis model of external rotor PM hub motor, and simulated and analyzed the transient magnetic field of hub motor under no-load and load transient or steady state. Simulation results indicate that the external rotor PM hub motor designed by combining stator split ratio, electromagnetic load and viscous damping coefficient has satisfactory electromagnetic performance, which can satisfy the performance requirements and indicators of hub motor power device for distributed driving electric vehicles.
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