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New digital technologies are a driving force behind many pivotal changes in our modern world. For example, the carsharing business model has improved drastically through the adoption of technologies for online booking, instant access, vehicle monitoring, and automated billing. However, the challenge of vehicle supply and demand management hinders carsharing from reaching its full potential and mainstream application. The current norm of relocating vehicles via employees is expensive and unsustainable, counteracting the environmental benefits of carsharing. To engage this problem, a new concept called user-based relocation has emerged in recent years. For user-based relocation, customers are requested to return rented vehicles at undersupplied locations. However, research and practice lack knowledge on how to implement user-based relocation in a real-world carsharing system. This study employs an iterative research approach, including the implementation of user-based relocation in a real-world carsharing system. During the development and evaluation process, novel requirements and challenges for user-based relocation were discovered, providing valuable knowledge for its implementation and future research.

The mobility sector has been established as a prominent example for the sharing economy. E-carsharing offers a way to introduce and utilize electric vehicles as a sustainable mobility service to solve current and future mobility issues. Nonetheless, e-carsharing still faces several challenges that need to be overcome in order to act as a mainstream means of commute. In this article, we propose user-based relocation to improve the use and availability of electric vehicles within e-carsharing. It enables value co-creation by actively involving the user in value creation, e.g. increasing the positiondependent value of a shared vehicle. By simulating an e-carsharing system, we were able to analyze the capabilities of user-based relocation. The results indicate that user-based relocation has the potential to greatly improve electric vehicle use and demonstrates an example of successful value co-creation in the sharing economy. Furthermore, it strengthens e-carsharing as a part of everyday mobility.

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Die akute Cholezystitis ist eine Entzündung der Gallenblasenwand, die durch mechanische Irritation und/oder bakterielle Besiedelung hervorgerufen wird und immer zu einer klinischen Symptomatik führt. Durch Anamneseerhebung, klinische Beurteilung und Ultraschalluntersuchung ist im Regelfall eine sofortige Diagnose möglich. Nur bei Hinzutreten von Komplikationen der akuten Cholezystitis wie z.B. der Choledocholithiasis, der biliären Pankreatitis oder der Gallenblasenperforation sind zusätzliche Untersuchungsmethoden erforderlich (Magnetresonanz- Cholangiopankreatikographie, endoskopische retrograde Cholangiographie, CT). Obgleich sowohl eine konservative als auch eine operative Initialtherapie bei unkomplizierter akuter Cholezystitis möglich ist, besteht aktuell ein starker Konsens, dass die frühelektive laparoskopische Cholezystektomie innerhalb der ersten 72 h nach Erkrankungsbeginn vorteilhaft ist. Bei lokalen Komplikationen (z.B. Gallenblasenempyem, Perforation, Peritonitis) muss die Cholezystektomie unabhängig vom Zeitpunkt umgehend erfolgen.