OBJECTIVE -To examine the acute effects of consumption of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) on endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 33 participants were examined after consumption of two different isocaloric meals: one rich in MUFA and one rich in SAFA, in the form of extra-virgin olive oil and butter, respectively. Endothelial function was assessed by determination of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).RESULTS -FMD did not change significantly after the MUFA-rich meal but declined after the SAFA-rich meal. The FMD during the experiment, expressed as incremental area under the curve, increased after the MUFA-rich meal by 5.2 Ϯ 2.5% and decreased after the SAFA-rich meal by 16.7 Ϯ 6.0% (⌬ ϭ Ϫ11.5 Ϯ 6.4%; P ϭ 0.008).CONCLUSIONS -Consumption of an SAFA-rich meal is harmful for the endothelium, while a MUFA-rich meal does not impair endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
References1 Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non-fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. J Am Med Assoc 2007; 298: 309-316. 2 Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. J Am Med Assoc 2007; 298: 299-308. 3 Oka R, Hifumi S, Kobayashi J, Mabuchi H, Asano A, Yagi K et al. The relationship between postprandial plasma glucose and postchallenge plasma glucose in a Japanese population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 78: 282-288. 4 Blackburn P, Lamarche B, Couillard C, Pascot A, Tremblay A, Bergeron J et al. Contribution of visceral adiposity to the exaggerated postprandial lipemia of men with impaired glucose tolerance.
Obesity represents a route to broad physiological dysfunction affecting major organs including male urogenital system. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress associated with obesity augment the formation of reactive metabolic by-products, namely advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to increased tissue deposition and damage. The exogenous intake and the endogenous accumulation of AGEs contribute to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in both women and men. The present study assessed the effects of a diet high in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) on the lipid and metabolic profile (AGE levels, oxidative stress) as well as pathogenic (AGE, receptor for AGEs [RAGE] expression, apoptosis) and morphometric parameters of male reproductive system in vivo. Effects of switching to a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or equal in the proportion MUFA to SAFA were further investigated. SAFA-fed animals were characterized by increased serum lipid concentrations (p < .05) compared to controls, but AGEs and peroxide levels were not significantly different across the different experimental groups. Elevated AGE deposition was detected for the first time in germ cells with a higher staining intensity in animals on the SAFA diet, compared to MUFA or MUFA-SAFA-fed animals or the control samples (p = .018). In Leydig cells, AGE localization was higher in the entire cohort of high-fat-fed animals compared to controls (p < .05). High-fat-fed mice displayed enhanced apoptosis compared to controls (p < .005). Furthermore, prostatic tissue demonstrated reduction in epithelial folding, an effect which was significantly reversed after MUFA diet administration. Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of AGE-RAGE axis in testicular and prostatic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity. Simple dietetic intervention has beneficial effects on metabolic dysfunction of reproductive system before overt manifestations, indicating glycation as a promising therapeutic target.
This study investigated whether switching from a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) to a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or to one with equal amounts of MUFAs-SAFAs favorably affects the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic mice. C57BL/6 mice (n = 82) were allocated into 4 groups. The first group (control, n = 10) was fed standard chow. The 3 remaining groups (n = 24 mice/group) were fed a SAFA-rich diet for 8 weeks and were then allocated for 16 weeks to either a MUFA-rich diet, an equal in MUFAs-SAFAs-rich diet, or continued the previous SAFA-rich diet. After 8 weeks, mice consuming SAFA-rich diet had increased weight, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P < .05 vs baseline). At week 24, MUFA-rich and MUFA-SAFA rich diets decreased TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P < .05) compared with week 8. In conclusion, switching to MUFA-rich diets or substituting half of the SAFAs with MUFAs can reverse diet-induced-hypercholesterolemia.
Two patients without a history of diabetes mellitus but with a history of chronic alcohol abuse were referred to our foot clinic due to pain and deformity of the midfoot. On examination both of the feet of the first patient and the left foot of the second patient were swollen and warm but all the inflammatory markers were negative. Subsequent imaging revealed Charcot deformity and the patients were treated with casting and special shoes. The temperature and the swelling of the feet after the offloading improved. x-Rays which were performed 1 and 2 years after the diagnosis did not show any progression of the Charcot deformity.
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