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Background Our objective was to assess new chronic hypertension 6 to 12 months postpartum for those with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) compared with normotensive participants. Methods and Results We performed a prospective cohort study of participants with singleton gestations and no known preexisting medical conditions who were diagnosed with HDP compared with normotensive women with no pregnancy complications (non‐HDP). Participants underwent cardiovascular risk assessment 6 to 12 months after delivery. Primary outcome was onset of new chronic hypertension at 6 to 12 months postpartum. We also examined lipid values, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, and 30‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between HDP and odds of a postpartum diagnosis of chronic hypertension while adjusting for parity, body mass index, insurance, and family history of CVD. There were 58 participants in the HDP group and 51 participants in the non‐HDP group. Baseline characteristics between groups were not statistically different. Participants in the HDP group had 4‐fold adjusted odds of developing a new diagnosis of chronic hypertension 6 to 12 months after delivery, compared with those in the non‐HDP group (adjusted odds ratio, 4.60 [95% CI, 1.65–12.81]), when adjusting for body mass index, parity, family history of CVD, and insurance. Of the HDP group, 58.6% (n=34) developed new chronic hypertension. Participants in the HDP group had increased estimated 30‐year CVD risk and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome, a higher fasting blood glucose, and higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions Participants without known underlying medical conditions who develop HDP have 4‐fold increased odds of new diagnosis of chronic hypertension by 6 to 12 months postpartum as well as increased 30‐year CVD risk scores. Implementation of multidisciplinary care models focused on CVD screening, patient education, and lifestyle interventions during the first year postpartum may serve as an effective primary prevention strategy for the development of CVD.

Background Although depression is well established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the nonpregnant population, this association has largely not been investigated in pregnant populations. We aimed to estimate the cumulative risk of new CVD in the first 24 months postpartum among pregnant individuals diagnosed with prenatal depression compared with patients without depression diagnosed during pregnancy. Methods and Results Our longitudinal population‐based study included pregnant individuals with deliveries during 2007 to 2019 in the Maine Health Data Organization's All Payer Claims Data. We excluded those with prepregnancy CVD, multifetal gestations, or no continuous health insurance during pregnancy. Prenatal depression and CVD (heart failure, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic hypertension) were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD‐9 )/ International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision ( ICD‐10 ) codes. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for potential confounding factors. Analyses were stratified by hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. A total of 119 422 pregnancies were examined. Pregnant individuals with prenatal depression had an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy, and new hypertension (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.83 [95% CI, 1.20–2.80], aHR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.10–2.31], aHR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.15–2.24], and aHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.17–1.50], respectively). When the analyses were stratified by co‐occurring hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, several of these associations persisted. Conclusions The cumulative risk of a new CVD diagnosis postpartum was elevated among individuals with prenatal depression and persists even in the absence of co‐occurring hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Further research to determine the causal pathway can inform postpartum CVD preventive measures.

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