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Risk aversion, Experiments, Elicitation methods, Heterogeneity, C90, C81,

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This study utilizes a brand-level dataset that captures a uniq experiment, a 100% increase in the excise tax, to evaluate d pricing models in the U.S. beer industry. To assess the plaus different models, the increase in marginal cost resulting fro increase is exploited: observed prices in the post-increase p compared to the prices that should be observed under variou models. Three types of models are analyzed: Bertrand-Nash, l and collusion. Results indicate that extreme cases of collusi confidently ruled out while several models may explain th prices equally well.

The authors report the results of an experiment designed to measure the impact of different forms of subsidies on the demand for postsecondary education financing among a sample of adults ages 18–55 in Canada. The experiment presents subjects with a series of choices involving trade-offs between cash payments and grants or loans earmarked for full or part-time education. In addition, the experiment includes experimental measures of time and risk preferences, and an extensive survey of experience and attitudes. This article focuses on the role of a person's attitudes toward debt (debt aversion) and experience with debt ( debt use) in the decision to take up subsidized loans for postsecondary education. Using survey measures, the authors find no evidence that debt aversion is an important barrier to investment in postsecondary education. In addition, subjects with experience carrying and managing debt are more willing than others to take on additional debt to finance postsecondary education.

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide and it generates high costs for health systems; however, it has modifiable risk factors. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with the development of perinatal asphyxia in newborns at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: Incident cases and concurrent controls were examined. Cases were defined as newborns with moderate to severe perinatal asphyxia who were older than or equal to 36 weeks of gestational age, needed advanced resuscitation and presented one of the following: early neurological disorders, multi-organ commitment or a sentinel event. The controls were newborns without asphyxia who were born one week apart from the case at the most and had a comparable gestational age. Patients with major congenital malformations and syndromes were excluded. Results: Fifty-six cases and 168 controls were examined. Premature placental abruption (OR=41.09; 95%CI: 4.61-366.56), labor with a prolonged expulsive phase (OR=31.76; 95%CI: 8.33-121.19), lack of oxytocin use (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.08 -6.13) and mothers without a partner (OR=2.56; 95% CI: 1.21-5.41) were risk factors for the development of perinatal asphyxia in the study population. Social difficulties were found in a greater proportion among the mothers of cases. Conclusions: Proper control and monitoring of labor, development of a thorough partograph, and active searches are recommended to ensure that all pregnant women have adequate prenatal care with the provision of social support to reduce the frequency and negative impact of perinatal asphyxia.

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This paper employs a nation-wide sample of supermarket scanner data to estimate a large brand-level demand system for beer in the U.S. using the Distance Metric method of Pinkse, Slade and Brett [Pinkse, J., Slade, M., Brett, C., 2002. Spatial price competition: a semiparametric approach. Econometrica 70, 1111-1155]. Unlike previous studies, this work estimates the own-and cross-advertising elasticities in addition to price elasticities. Positive and negative cross-advertising elasticities imply the presence of both cooperative and predatory effects of advertising expenditures across brands; however, the former effect appears to dominate suggesting that advertising increases the overall demand for beer. We discuss the implications of these results in this industry.