Due to the increasing installation of decentralized generation units and the increasing demand of electrical power on distribution level the low voltage grids in Europe are facing different problems, e.g. deviations of the permitted voltage range or local inner overloads of the grid equipment. To overcome these problems a self-sustaining monitoring and control system for low voltage grids has been developed, which monitors the actual power flow situation and controls individual decentralized generation units and consumer loads if necessary. In this context new approaches for power flow calculation and control intelligence are inevitable. This paper describes a newly developed power flow algorithm to be used for online-monitoring of the grid state. In case of critical grid states identified by this power flow algorithm a control intelligence determines and executes possible strategies for elimination of the critical grid state. The developed algorithms have been tested and validated in comprehensive scenarios in consideration of plausibility, calculation speed and reliability of the results.
The ongoing shift towards more decentralized and renewable energy systems requires extensive modifications to existing grids and their operating principles -especially at the distribution level. Besides conventional grid enhancements, smart distribution systems are one way of handling these new supply scenarios and allow for maintaining voltage quality and capacity utilization constraints. The present paper describes an autonomously operating LV-grid automation system that is able to monitor the power flow situation within the LV-grid and to control the grid if necessary by using different actuators. It has been tested within several LV-grids in Germany. Both core modules of the system, the state identification module and the control module, are in the spotlight of this paper.
The ongoing shift towards a more decentralized and renewable energy system in Germany requires extensive modifications to existing grids and their operating principlesespecially at the distribution level. Furthermore, the integration of e-mobility will have a significant effect on distribution grids. Smart distribution systems are one way of handling these new supply scenarios. Hence, a self-sustaining monitoring and control system for LV-grids has been developed. It monitors the power flow situation and is able to control the grid if necessary. The system has been implemented in four LV-grids in Germany. The present paper describes the automation system and our initial experience with this smart grid approach.
Due to the increasing installation of decentralized generation units and the increasing demand of electrical power on distribution level the low voltage grids in Germany are facing different problems, e.g. deviations of the permitted voltage range or local inner overloads of the grid equipment. To overcome these problems a self-sustaining monitoring and control system for low voltage grids has been developed, which monitors the actual power flow situation and controls individual decentralized generation units and consumer loads if necessary. The control system has been implemented into several low voltage grids in Germany. This paper describes first practical experience with the developed smart grid approach.
ZusammenfassungDie aktuellen Herausforderungen für die Verteilnetze erfordern neben unvermeidbarem Netzausbau auch den umfangreichen Einsatz von speziell für Verteilnetze entwickelter Automatisierungstechnik, um kritische Netzsituationen erkennen und beheben zu können. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das Konzept eines dezentralen, integrierten Automatisierungssystems für Mittel- und Niederspannungsnetze, das diese Anforderungen erfüllt. Zudem werden Praxiserfahrungen mit diesem System im Niederspannungsnetz und mögliche Weiterentwicklungen des Systems dargestellt.
The new German energy strategy-the so-called Energiewende-is mainly based on the large scale implementation of volatile renewable energy sources, like onshore wind and photovoltaic. As a consequence there are two tasks to be done. The first, time-based one is to keep the power balance between the fluctuating generation and consumption. This has to be managed by the implementation of a smart market which is coordinating flexible conventional power plants, demand side and-in future-storages. The second, location-based task is to manage the new high power and volatile load flows in the grids. The utmost challenge will occur in the distribution grid. By far the most of the new generation units will be connected there. In order to solve this challenge in an economic way the technical reserves of the existing grid have to be used. This means the transition from a static dimensioned grid to a dynamically operated grid. This approach is based on the availability of on-time load flow information and active load flow management. In general such a grid is a so-called "smart grid". A very promising concept-called iNES-with a high strategic potential has been developed and implemented in Frankfurt.
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