This paper describes the HiPEAC vision of embedded virtualization as it has developed during two years of discussion among the members of the HiPEAC cluster on binary translation and virtualization. We start from system virtualization and process virtualization and we gradually develop a vision in which the two merge into one virtualization layer for embedded systems. Such a unified virtualization offers solutions for consolidation, performance optimization, software engineering and dealing with legacy hardware components. Four adoption requirements are identified: support for real-time execution, low performance overhead, virtualization of accelerator cores and finally trustworthiness. Finally, we define four research challenges: full virtualization of heterogeneous multi-core platforms, portable performance for heterogeneous multi-cores, virtual machine management interfaces, and standards for embedded virtualization
Superconducting films offer promise as fast, sensitive detectors at intermediate frequencies from millimeter waves to near infrared. The superconductor's marked temperature dependence of resistance about its transition temperature suggests that it would have a high responsivity as a bolometer, and operation at cryogenic temperatures suggests that a low NEP can be achieved. In addition, placing the sample in the liquid-helium bath should result in very short response times (τ) on the order of 10 nsec. Films have been studied with sheet resistances from 200 Ω/sq to > 1000 Ω/sq. These films achieve NEP ≈ 10−9 W·Hz−1/2 as bolometers with τ≈20 nsec. There is an enhanced microwave response, NEP ≈ 10−11 W·Hz−1/2 with τ = 20 nsec, which is especially pronounced for high-resistance films. This mode shows promise for use in the far-infrared and submillimeter region. The bolometer mode compares favorably with other bolometers.
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