A novel, polyoxygenated, pyranose ring containing 16-membered macrolide peloruside A (1) exhibiting cytotoxic activity in the nanomolar range was isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale sp. The structure of 1 and relative stereochemistry of the 10 stereogenic centers were determined on a 3 mg sample using a variety of spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 was isolated along with the previously reported cytotoxins mycalamide A (2) and pateamine (3) from a single specimen of this sponge.
The production of salicylihalamide A by the marine sponge Haliclona sp. was investigated. Samples of the two morphologies (green and brown) were collected from four locations covering approximately 1,200 km of coastline. Temporal variation between winter and summer was also examined at Bremer Bay. Chemical profiling by using liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet detection and mass spectrometry showed that salicylihalamide A was produced only by the green morphology. Salicylihalamide A concentration was significantly correlated to water temperature but not to the size or depth of the sponge. Salicylihalamide A concentration was found to differ significantly among locations (Bremer Bay 13.5 microg g(-1), Hamelin Bay 11 microg g(-1), Rottnest Island 9.9 microg g(-1), and Jurien Bay 8.5 microg g(-1)) partially accounted for by the influence of water temperature. A difference between seasons was also observed in Bremer Bay (summer concentration of 13.5 microg g(-1) vs. winter concentration of 8.2 microg g(-1)). Environmental and physiological factors appear to be important in the production of salicylihalamide A by the green morphology. Additionally, the brown morphology does not produce salicylihalamide A, thus adding to the evidence that this morphology may be a different species.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The population genetic structure of the brooding sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile (Dictyoceratida) was examined at 3 polymorphic allozyme loci and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 gene (CO1) sequence (528 bp) from multiple sites across the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Distances between sampled sites ranged from a few 100 metres to 140 km. Observed levels of allozyme variation were generally low, and there were only minor differences in allozyme allele frequencies evident between sites. Likewise, levels of polymorphism for mtDNA CO1 were also low, with only 3 haplotypes found at this locus and with 1 of the 3 haplotypes present at all sites with frequencies ranging from 0.55 to 1.00. There was no obvious partitioning or structuring of the observed allozyme or CO1 genetic variance with spatial positioning of populations and no evidence in this sponge species for genetic differentiation between inner-and mid-reef sites. However, there was evidence against complete genetic panmixia across the central GBR, with 2 pairs of innerreef sites sampled in 2004 genetically differentiated from most other pairwise site comparisons, and both pairs were also different from single sites within a few 100 metres sampled in the previous year. When viewed together, nuclear and mtDNA markers indicate large-scale genetic admixture in this species, although there is some evidence for small, localised, genetic differences between some populations that might be determined by reef-specific hydrodynamics. This pattern is consistent with the endogenous recruitment expected from a brooding species and with dispersal that is infrequent enough to prevent divergence among populations.
KEY WORDS: Brooding sponge · Larval dispersal · Genetic variability · ConnectivityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESS
Two new cis-ring fused clerodane diterpenes,
raspailenone (1) and raspailol (2), have been isolated from a
Raspailia species collected from subtidal waters of the
South Island of New Zealand. The structures of the two compounds have been
established by spectroscopic methods.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.