Cemented carbide, as an important industrial material, is well-known as "industrial teeth" due to its high hardness, strength, wear resistance, and other fantastic properties, which plays an important role in the fields of petroleum machinery, mining machinery, and mechanical processing. [1][2][3] However, there is a shortage of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) resources, which are main raw materials for cemented carbide. Therefore, recycling waste-cemented carbide to prepare regenerated cemented carbide raw materials is of great significance. In general, the hardness and toughness of cemented carbides are a pair of contradictions that are difficult to balance. Hence, it is particularly important to explore highperformance cemented carbide. 4 At present, several effective methods about toughening and strengthening are applied to improve the performance of regenerated cemented carbides based on characterizes and performances of the matrix and the reinforcing materials. The main toughening mechanisms of cemented carbide are whisker toughening, particle toughening, phase transformation toughening, microcrack toughening and layered structure toughening, etc. [5][6][7]
The growth of secondary hair follicles in cashmere goats follows a seasonal cycle. Melatonin can regulate the cycle of cashmere growth. In this study, melatonin was implanted into live cashmere goats. After skin samples were collected, transcriptome sequencing and histological section observation were performed, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key genes and establish an interaction network. A total of 14 co-expression modules were defined by WGCNA, and combined with previous analysis results, it was found that the blue module was related to the cycle of cashmere growth after melatonin implantation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the first initiation of exogenous melatonin-mediated cashmere development was related mainly to the signaling pathway regulating stem cell pluripotency and to the Hippo, TGF-beta and MAPK signaling pathways. Via combined differential gene expression analyses, 6 hub genes were identified: PDGFRA, WNT5A, PPP2R1A, BMPR2, BMPR1A, and SMAD1. This study provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism by which melatonin regulates cashmere growth.
Abstract. Let − → G be a digraph and S( − → G ) be the skew-adjacency matrix of − → G . The skew energy of − → G is the sum of the absolute values of eigenvalues of S( − → G ). In this paper, the bicyclic digraphs with minimal and maximal skew energy are determined.
Abstract. Milk exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are important for
postnatal growth and immune system maturation in newborn mammals. The
functional hypothesis of milk exosomal miRNAs and their potential
bioavailability in milk to newborn mammals were investigated. Briefly, 37 exosomal miRNAs were upregulated compared to miRNAs found outside the
exosomes. Among these miRNAs, ssc-miR-193a-3p expression was upregulated
1467.35 times, while ssc-miR-423-5p, ssc-miR-551a, ssc-miR-138, ssc-miR-1
and ssc-miR-124a were highly concentrated and upregulated 13.58–30.06
times. Moreover, these miRNAs appeared to be relevant for cell development
and basic physiological processes of the immune system. Following the
analysis of target gene prediction and related signalling pathways, 9262 target genes were mainly concentrated in three signalling pathways:
metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathways. Among 9262 target
genes, more than 20 miRNAs were enriched in exosomes, such as methyl CpG
binding protein 2 (MECP2) and glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1). After determining the miRNA
localization-, distribution- and function-related metabolism, we found that
these exosomes were specifically concentrated miRNA target genes and they
were interrelated with cell development and basic cell functions, such as
metabolism and immunity. It is speculated that miRNAs in milk can influence
offspring via milk exosomes.
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