Comparison of porcine milk microRNA expression in milk exosomes versus whole swine milk and prediction of target genes

Liu, Zhihong; Xie, Yingxin; Guo, Jun‐tao; Su, Xin; Zhao, Chen; Zhang, Chongyan; Qin, Qing; Dai, Dongliang; Tuo, Yanan; Li, Zongyuan; Wu, Danni; Li, Jinquan

doi:10.5194/aab-65-37-2022

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Milk and its signaling components have been identified as a unique signal transduction system activating mTORC1 [ 70 ], which is the central kinase of metabolism orchestrating growth signals and nutrient availability for cell growth and anabolism [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Importantly, target gene prediction of human, bovine, and porcine MEX miRs mainly concentrate on PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway activation [ 28 , 77 , 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Postnatal Mex Mir Signaling Promotes Pancreatic β Cell Proli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life

Melnik

Schmitz

2022

IJMS

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Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).

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Section: Postnatal Mex Mir Signaling Promotes Pancreatic β Cell Proli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life

Melnik

Schmitz

2022

IJMS

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“…Chen et al [ 31 ] sequenced pig milk exosomes and found that they contained 176 known and 315 novel mature miRNAs. Liu et al [ 32 ] detected 208 pre-miRNAs and 200 mature miRNAs in pig milk exosomes. However, it is not known whether the characteristics of milk exosomes and miRNA expression are related to the breed and milk type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify exosomal miRNAs in the colostrum and mature milk of Bamei and Landrace pigs, 12 small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced, namely, the BMo (n = 3), BMc (n = 3), LWo (n = 3), and LWc (n = 3) groups, respectively (Section 4.2). In total, 108,497,788 (valid reads 25,444,101), 112,049,590 (valid reads 32,228,194), 108,283,662 (valid reads 14,426,719), and 104,916,517 (valid reads 31,565,425) total reads were obtained in the BMo, BMc, LWo, and LWc groups, respectively (Table 1). We performed a length distribution statistical analysis on the total number of filtered miRNA data.…”

Section: Quality Control Of Sequencing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed-Related Differential microRNA Expression and Analysis of Colostrum and Mature Milk Exosomes in Bamei and Landrace Pigs

Li,

Shang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Breast milk, an indispensable source of immunological and nutrient components, is essential for the growth and development of newborn mammals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are present in various tissues and body fluids and are selectively packaged inside exosomes, a type of membrane vesicle. Milk exosomes have potential regulatory effects on the growth, development, and immunity of newborn piglets. To explore the differences in milk exosomes related to the breed and milk type, we isolated exosomes from colostrum and mature milk from domestic Bamei pigs and foreign Landrace pigs by using density gradient centrifugation and then characterized them by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Furthermore, the profiles and functions of miRNAs in the two types of pig milk exosomes were investigated using miRNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. We identified a total of 1081 known and 2311 novel miRNAs in pig milk exosomes from Bamei and Landrace pigs. These differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) are closely associated with processes such as cell signaling, cell physiology, and immune system development. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DE-miRNA target genes were significantly enriched in endocytosis, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and the Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathway. The exosomal miRNAs in both the colostrum and mature milk of the two pig species showed significant differences. Based on related signaling pathways, we found that the colostrum of local pig breeds contained more immune-system-development-related miRNAs. This study provides new insights into the possible function of milk exosomal miRNAs in the development of the piglet immune system.

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“…MEX miR-21 and miR-148a target phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and promote PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling (77,105). Indeed, target gene prediction of human, bovine and porcine MEX miRs mainly concentrate on the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway (30,73,106). Increased trophoblast mTORC1 activity determines placental-fetal transfer of amino acids and glucose promoting fetal growth and birth weight (107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112).…”

Section: Bovine Mex Mir Exposure During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional analysis for the most abundant mRNAs of bovine MEX showed epigenetic functions such as histone modification, telomere maintenance, and chromatin remodeling (79). Liu et al (106) identified methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) as target gene of the most abundant miRs of porcine MEX. MeCP2 induces a repressive state of chromatin by recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), methyltransferases and other chromatin-silencing factors, which increase chromatin condensation and prevent transcription (183)(184)(185)(186).…”

Section: Transcriptional Activity and Chromatin Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

Melnik¹,

Weiskirchen²,

Schmitz³

2022

ExRNA

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Background and Objective: Milk exosomes (MEX) and their inherent microRNAs (miRs) were recently promoted as promising effectors and drug carrier systems for the treatment of various chronic human diseases. It is the intention of this review to provide a comprehensive view on the potential beneficial and adverse health effects of MEX miRs.Methods: English literature published between 1990-2022 were searched using the PubMed database focusing on publications including human and bovine MEX, milk extracellular vesicles (EVs), miRs, and reported beneficial and adverse effects of MEX miRs. KeyContent and Findings: MEX are regarded as signalosomes produced under control of the lactation genome to support species-specific growth of the offspring during the lactation period. Physiologically, mammals are not exposed to MEX miRs after the lactation period. MEX miRs are important for epigenetic postnatal programming and tissue maturation. Direct and translational evidence indicates that MEX miRs are involved in p53-mediated transcription, DNA methyltransferase-regulated gene silencing as well as Polycomb repressive complex-mediated gene repression and chromatin remodeling. MEX miRs are deficient in artificial formula, but may accidentally modify human gene expression by consumption of pasteurized cow milk. The continuous impact of bovine MEX miRs on the human epigenome and epitranscriptome remains a matter of concern.Conclusions: MEX miRs are supportive for the growing neonate, whereas continuous exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs may promote obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration. Bovine MEX miRs should be removed from the human food chain of adults. The efficacy and long-term safety of MEX miRs has to be carefully assessed in future studies before bovine MEX could be introduced for therapeutic purposes.

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Comparison of porcine milk microRNA expression in milk exosomes versus whole swine milk and prediction of target genes

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life

Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life

Breed-Related Differential microRNA Expression and Analysis of Colostrum and Mature Milk Exosomes in Bamei and Landrace Pigs

Milk exosomal microRNAs: friend or foe?—a narrative review

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