This paper presents an alternative water storage concept at lower sea-river interface vis-à-vis the conventional dam/reservoir storage scheme in the upper headwater region of a river basin. Two (2) estuary or coastal reservoir schemes are proposed to meet the future water demand of Johor Bahru and its vicinity. The low flow yields of a 98% reliability (or design 1:50-year return period) for both river schemes are also presented. A hydrological assessment is carried out to correlate the hydrometric variables, i.e. rainfall and streamflow. A long term 54-year streamflow record is adopted as input to the yield calculation. The reliable yields of 98% reliability criteria are in turn estimated based on a water balance or mass conservation. This new paradigmatic shift of reservoir storage location from headwater region to lower estuary/coastal interface can harness sufficient yield to meet the future demand of Johor Bahru and vicinity.
This paper outlines a methodology of flow routing with inclusion of downstream river water level applied to a Sg Gita urbanized catchment beside Sg Sarawak in Kuching city, Sarawak, Malaysia. Evaluations are done by demonstrating the modelling of flooding scenarios using InfoWorks River Simulation (RS) that stresses on different aspects specific to Sg Gita’s conditions, namely (1) impacts of high and low river water levels, (2) solely urban flooding and (3) the combination of the two. The outcomes indicate that the dynamics of downstream river water level influences the performance of the urban drainage that flowed into the river. Backwater is overriding the flows of urban drains. Therefore, the mentioned methodology is found superior than conventional methodology with only flow routing to represent the flow mechanism of urban catchment bounded by a downstream river.
Minimally gauged river basins are common in Sarawak. Many river basins are lacking in hydrological monitoring mechanism mostly due to the vast land mass and complex river network, hence causing isolation of certain locations. This paper is describing the approaches to model Sg Similajau of Bintulu, Sarawak with little information to support sound analysis. A river model is developed to reconstruct missing flows of the river. In order to have reliable results, a short-term monitoring program is strongly suggested to collect data pertaining to river processes in the field. Pre-processing processes are demonstrated to obtain inflow data for upstream boundaries, tide/King Tide data for downstream boundary and a weir at Samalaju Water Intake for middle boundary. Particularly the weir, its presence convinces the verification of the river model. Post-processing on the impacts of the weir in flow patterns, in this case the water head produced by the weir and with such a head to flush out saltwater brought about by tides are demonstrated as ideal tool to test the model.
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