Coastal and Estuary Reservoir: Case Studies for Johor River Basin

Abstract

This paper presents an alternative water storage concept at lower sea-river interface vis-à-vis the conventional dam/reservoir storage scheme in the upper headwater region of a river basin. Two (2) estuary or coastal reservoir schemes are proposed to meet the future water demand of Johor Bahru and its vicinity. The low flow yields of a 98% reliability (or design 1:50-year return period) for both river schemes are also presented. A hydrological assessment is carried out to correlate the hydrometric variables, i.e. rainfall and streamflow. A long term 54-year streamflow record is adopted as input to the yield calculation. The reliable yields of 98% reliability criteria are in turn estimated based on a water balance or mass conservation. This new paradigmatic shift of reservoir storage location from headwater region to lower estuary/coastal interface can harness sufficient yield to meet the future demand of Johor Bahru and vicinity.

Resolution Dependence of Regional Hydro-Climatic Projection: A Case-Study for the Johor River Basin, Malaysia

“…This study seeks to address this by considering the regulated flow period after 1993. Some basic reservoir information, e.g., reservoir operational year, surface area, volume, that are available in open-source articles [21,32], were added in the SWAT model setup for this study. In addition, the maximum allowable water extraction of 1157 million liters per day by Singapore under the 1962 Water Agreement [21] was used as guide to set the water usage parameter.…”

“…Some basic reservoir information, e.g., reservoir operational year, surface area, volume, that are available in open-source articles [21,32], were added in the SWAT model setup for this study. In addition, the maximum allowable water extraction of 1157 million liters per day by Singapore under the 1962 Water Agreement [21] was used as guide to set the water usage parameter. Moreover, maximum and minimum daily outflow parameters were also added in the SWAT model setup and calibration.…”

“…The Johor River Basin (JRB) is a tropical river basin closely associated with freshwater supply for Malaysia. It is also a vital water source of Singapore as it provides up to 1157 million litres of freshwater per day [21]. Historical record indicates a number of severe drought events in 1990, 1997, 2005, 2010, 2010-2014 and 2019, leading to water supply disruption in Johor [22,23].…”

Long-term homogeneity and trend analysis of seasonality and extreme rainfall under the influence of climate change in Johor River basin, Malaysia

“…The river environment has been reported to be stressed by vast plantation in the mid and upper regions of the river basin. (Heng et al 2017). Excessive water abstraction, particularly during dry years, has frequently jeopardised the necessary low flow required to meet environmental standards (Pennan Chinnasamy et al 2018).…”