This study found a relatively high incidence of severe rotavirus-associated diarrhea disease in Nigeria and infants were the most affected. It highlights the urgent need for introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the national immunization program and the need to adequately equip health facilities to enable them administer intravenous fluids to severe diarrhea patients to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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5.08pfu/ml), using a membrane feeder. Fed mosquitoes were incubated under two sets of temperatures equivalent to the coastal-(29-31 • C) and Nairobi-(25-28 • C) region annual mean temperatures. In both experiments mosquitoes were monitored for up to 21days, and at 7day intervals, a third were randomly sampled, legs and abdomen separated. Abdomens were homogenized and virus quantified by plaque assay to determine midgut infection rates. Legs for mosquitoes with midgut infection were assayed for virus to determine dissemination rates. Results were compared using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test.Results: A total of 1,117 female Ae.aegypti mosquitoes were tested. 87/517(16.8%; 95%CI: 13.7-20.3%) of Nairobi mosquitoes had infection. The proportion infected was significantly greater in high temperature (21.3%) than low temperature (12.0%; p = 0.0037). For Kilifi mosquitoes 54/600 (9%; 95%CI: 6.8-11.6%) were infected, this proportion also varied significantly with temperature (high = 11.6%, low = 6.8%; p = 0.0162). Among the infected mosquitoes, the proportion that had dissemination was significantly greater in Kilifi (40.7%; 95%CI: 27.6-55.0%) than Nairobi (10.3%; 95%CI: 4.8-18.7%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion:There is significant difference in midgut infection rates under varying temperatures for both populations from the two geographical sites. Although it was observed that dissemination rates did not vary significantly with temperature in the two populations, the Kilifi population exhibited a high dissemination rates compared to the Nairobi population suggesting that the Kilifi population may be inherently more competent with a lower midgut barrier than the Nairobi population. These finding are important in understanding the distribution of re-emerging Infectious diseases in Africa.

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