Bacteriuria and urinary schistosomiasis in primary school children in rural communities in Enugu State, Nigeria, 2012

Ossai, Okechukwu; Dankoli, Raymond; Nwodo, Chimezie; Dahiru, Tukur; Nsubuga, Peter; Ogbuabor, Daniel Chukwuemeka; Ekwueme, OC; Abonyi, Godwin; Ezeanolue, Echezona E.; Nguku, Patrick; Nwagbo, Douglas; Idris, Suleiman; Eze, George

doi:10.11604/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.4169

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The finding of E. coli as the most prevalent uropathogen in significant bacteriuria in our study agrees with reports of previous studies (21,22), and the higher prevalence in females is similar to other reports (23). This observation is also in agreement with the study of Abdul et al, who reported E. coli (a human faecal flora that inhabits the colon as an inocuous commensal) to be the most prevalent facultative gram negative bacillus causing UTI in their study (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Biochemical and bacteriological profiles of asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Popoola¹,

Agu²,

Oyeyipo³

et al. 2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in children is a predisposing factor to symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) that may be complicated by blood stream infections if not appropriately treated with resultant mortality or morbidity. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of ASB, and evaluate both biochemical and bacteriological characteristics of urine samples of primary school pupils in Ago-Iwoye, Ijebu North Local Government Area (LGA), Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Three hundred and seventy-two (186 males and 186 females) apparently healthy (asymptomatic) pupils aged 2-16 years from four randomly selected primary schools in the LGA were screened for ASB. Clean catch specimen of midstream urine was collected from each subject. Biochemical analysis of the urine was performed with Combi 10 reagent strip. MacConkey and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar plates were inoculated with calibrated wireloop delivering 0.01 ml of urine for aerobic culture at 37 o C for 24 hours. Identification of significant bacteria on culture plates was done using conventional biochemical tests. Results: The frequency of clear, slightly turbid and turbid urine were 31 (8.3%), 99 (26.6%) and 56 (15.1%) respectively. All analyzed urine samples were alkaline and negative for ketone, glucose and blood, but contained protein in 230 (61.8%), bilirubin in 184 (49.5%), nitrites in 64 (17.2%) and urobilinogen in 14 (3.7%) subjects. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 11.8% (44 of 372) with 7.0% in males and 16.7% in females (p = 0.0063). The frequency of bacteria isolated in descending order were Escherichia coli 61.4%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 61.4%, Staphylococcus aureus 45.5%, Bacillus subtilis 45.5%, Enterococcus faecalis 43.2%, Enterobacter spp 36.4%, Serratia marscencen 31.8%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 22.7%, Proteus mirabilis 22.7% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20.5%. Conclusion: This result highlights the presence of significant bacteriuria among apparently healthy pupils in the study area, with higher prevalence in the female pupils. The apparent risk of developing symptomatic UTI with the attendant complications in these pupils should spur preventive education of parents/guardians and the general populace about this entity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Biochemical and bacteriological profiles of asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Popoola¹,

Agu²,

Oyeyipo³

et al. 2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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“…18 The male children probably had more infections because they have higher tendencies of indulging in open water-activities like swimming, fishing and wadding than the girls. 24,25 reported similar gender distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Risk factors, symptoms and effects of urinary schistosomiasis on anthropometric indices of school children in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Bishop¹

2018

OAJS

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Nigerian children suffer a great burden of parasitic infections. Urinary schistosomiasis is associated with children's daily indulgence in uncontrolled water activities in unsafe water bodies. The study was aimed at assessing the level of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Zaria-Nigeria, as well as the risk factors, signs/symptoms and effects associated with it. A total of 200 children from different primary schools in Zaria consented to this study through their parents and school managements. Urine sample (10mls) and anthropometric indices (weight in kilogram, height in meters, mid-arm circumference in centimeters) were obtained from each pupil, followed by administration of a structured questionnaire. The samples were analysed at the Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among the pupils was 21(10.5%). The male pupils 16(14.8%) were significantly more infected than the female pupils 5(5.4%). Also children within the age of 13-14years and 9-10years had the most infections. Swimming and irrigation farming were found to be significant risk factors (P≤0.05). The infection was significantly associated with abdominal pain, painful urination, and frequent urination and visible haematuria. Pupils with mid-arm circumference of 21.0-22.9cm had the highest infections but there was not significant association with the disease. Pupils with normal BMI had more infections than the underweight pupils but the relationship was statistically insignificant. This study did not find harmful associations between urinary schistosomiasis and anthropometric indices considered. There is an urgent need of efforts to control schistosomiasis in Nigeria.

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“…Participants were included and excluded based on criteria published elsewhere. 27,28 All residents of each selected household were sampled except school children, who were excluded because they had just been treated with praziquantel and antihelminthic drugs as part of the Tanzanian…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 All observed parasites were identified and counted using standard guidelines and procedures for parasite recovery and identification based on morphology, size, and shape of eggs and larvae. 28,31 We did not specify egg counts above 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine during examination because we were mostly interested in the categorical identification of infection intensities (low, medium, and high), and so intensities were capped at 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine. Participants with more than 50 S. haematobium eggs per 10 ml of urine were categorised as heavily infected, as per WHO guidelines.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Factors Driving Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Milola Ward, Lindi District, Tanzania: A Useful Guide for Launching Intervention Programmes

Bakuza

2018

EAHRJ

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Background: Current information on the distribution of and risk factors for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases is scarce for most areas of southern Tanzania, including Milola Ward in Lindi District. This study was initiated to establish the status of these infections in Milola Ward and to assess how they vary with demographic factors. Methods: From September to October 2014, 2 sets of stool and urine samples were collected from residents of Milola Ward. The Kato-Katz technique was used to examine stool samples for faecal-borne parasites, and the filtration technique was used to examine urine for urinary schistosomes. A total of 195 individuals aged 5 to 90 years were enrolled in the study; 190 (97%) participants submitted adequate urine samples, of whom 107 (56%) were female and 83 (43%) were male. Of the 195 participants who took part in the initial sampling exercise, 158 (81%) provided adequate stool samples; 121 (77%) of these were adults, and the rest (n=37, 23%) were children. Only 53 urine and 26 faecal samples were obtained in the second round of sampling, and due to marked inconsistencies, these have been excluded from the analysis. Mean parasite abundance was analysed for its association with demographic factors, such as age and sex. Results: Three varieties of parasite were detected, namely, Schistosoma haematobium in 44 (23%) of 190 urine samples, hookworms in 12 (8%) of 158 stool samples, and Trichuris trichiura in 6 (4%) of 158 stool samples. The difference in S. haematobium prevalence between male and female participants (27 of 107 females, 25% vs 17 of 83 males, 20%) was not statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=.47). Linear regression analysis of S. haematobium infection with age showed a significant association, with children having higher infection intensities than adults (P<.001). S. haematobium prevalence and intensity did not vary significantly between villages (intensity [Kruskal-Wallis test], P=.95; prevalence, P=.88). Discussion: These data confirm that in this setting, the mean age of peak helminthiasis prevalence decreases as transmission pressure increases, with non-school children below 18 years old being most at risk of acquiring parasitic infections. This was the first baseline survey of parasitic infections in Milola Ward, so the results will be crucial for guiding control efforts against parasitic diseases in the area.

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Bacteriuria and urinary schistosomiasis in primary school children in rural communities in Enugu State, Nigeria, 2012

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical and bacteriological profiles of asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Biochemical and bacteriological profiles of asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Risk factors, symptoms and effects of urinary schistosomiasis on anthropometric indices of school children in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Demographic Factors Driving Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Milola Ward, Lindi District, Tanzania: A Useful Guide for Launching Intervention Programmes

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