To synthesize large-area graphene single crystals, we specifically designed a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor with confined reaction space (L 22 mm × W 13 mm × H 50 μm). Within the confined reaction space, a uniform distribution of reactant concentrations, reduced substrate roughness, and the shift of growth kinetics toward a diffusion-limited regime can be achieved, favoring the preparation of large-area, high-quality graphene single crystals. The gas flow field and mass transport pattern of reactants in the LPCVD system simulated with a finite element method support the advantages of using this confined reaction room for graphene growth. Using this spaceconfined reactor together with the optimized synthesis parameters, we obtained monolayer, highly uniform, and defect-free graphene single crystals of up to ∼0.8 mm in diameter with the field-effect mobility of μ EF ∼ 4800 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature. In addition, structural design of the confined reaction space by adjusting the reactor's dimensions is of facile controllability and scalability, which demonstrates the superiority and preference of this method for industrial applications.
A graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) with the spacious planar graphene surface can provide a large-area interface with cell membranes to serve as a platform for the study of cell membrane-related protein interactions. In this study, a G-FET device paved with a supported lipid bilayer (referred to as SLB/G-FET) was first used to monitor the catalytic hydrolysis of the SLB by phospholipase D. With excellent detection sensitivity, this G-FET was also modified with a ganglioside G-enriched SLB (G-SLB/G-FET) to detect cholera toxin B. Finally, the GM1-SLB/G-FET was employed to monitor amyloid-beta 40 (Aβ40) aggregation. In the early nucleation stage of Aβ40 aggregation, while no fluorescence was detectable with traditional thioflavin T (ThT) assay, the prominent electrical signals probed by G-SLB/G-FET demonstrate that the G-FET detection is more sensitive than the ThT assay. The comprehensive kinetic information during the Aβ40 aggregation could be collected with a G-SLB/G-FET, especially covering the kinetics involved in the early stage of Aβ40 aggregation. These experimental results suggest that SLB/G-FETs hold great potential as a powerful biomimetic sensor for versatile investigations of membrane-related protein functions and interaction kinetics.
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