In wireless sensor networks (WSN), flooding increases the reliability in terms of successful transmission of a packet with higher overhead. The flooding consumes the resources of the network quickly, especially in sensor networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and vehicular ad-hoc networks in terms of the lifetime of the node, lifetime of the network, and battery lifetime, etc. This paper aims to develop an efficient and reliable protocol by using multicasting and unicasting to overcome the issue of higher overhead due to flooding. Unicasting is used when the desired destination is at a minimum distance to avoid an extra overhead and increases the efficiency of the network in terms of overhead and energy because unicasting is favorable where the distance is minimum. Similarly, multicasting is used when the desired destination is at maximum distance and increases the network’s reliability in terms of throughput. The results are implemented in the Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda (BKUC), Pakistan, as well as in the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). The results are compared with benchmark schemes such as PUMA and ERASCA, and based on the results, the performance of the proposed approach is improved in terms of overhead, throughput, and packet delivery fraction by avoiding flooding.
Abstract. RFID systems should be designed to process a large number of RFID data in real time. Therefore, there have been much research and company studies regarding RFID data processing. One of methods is CEP (Complex Event Processing), which can provide a method to process RFID data efficiently. However, previous work is just focused on raw RFID data processing, such as data filtering, the elimination of duplicated data, and the aggregation of data. Also, it creates primitive events based on just one physical or logical reader. Therefore, processing overhead for complex events may increase. And it cannot provide business level events. Therefore, we propose a method that can reduce processing overhead and create business level events by using CEP. Proposed method provides two primitive events that are defined by using the relationship of two readers. Thus, when any pattern of events is matched for a specific complex event, business level events can be generated and execution time can be reduced comparing with other mechanisms without those events. And, execution time can be reduced by about 57% as compared to others.
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