This review summarizes the biological properties of biomimetic DDSs and their applications in the treatment of CNS diseases.
Immune responses triggered by implant abutment surfaces contributed by surface-adsorbed proteins are critical in clinical implant integration. How material surface-adsorbed proteins relate to host immune responses remain unclear. This study aimed to profile and address the immunological roles of surface-adsorbed salivary proteins on conventional implant abutment materials. Standardized polished bocks (5 × 5 × 1 mm3) were prepared from titanium and feldspathic ceramic. Salivary acquired pellicle formed in vitro was examined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gene ontology (GO) analysis to identify and characterize the adsorbed proteins. Out of 759 proteins identified from pooled saliva samples, 396 were found to be attached to the two materials tested—369 on titanium and 298 on ceramic, with 281 common to both. GO annotation of immune processes was undertaken to form a protein–protein interaction network, and 14 hub proteins (≥6 interaction partners) (coding genes: B2M, C3, CLU, DEFA1, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, LTF, PIGR, PSMA2, RAC1, RAP1A, S100A8, S100A9, and SLP1) were identified as the key proteins connecting multiple (6–9) immune processes. The results offered putative immunological prospects of implant abutment material surface-adsorbed salivary proteins, which could potentially underpin the dynamic nature of implant–mucosal/implant–microbial interactions.
Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate the initial stem cell and preosteoblast cell adhesion and oxidative response on zirconia in comparison with titanium.Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and murine pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cells were cultured on zirconia and titanium surfaces, and at 3-, 12-, and 24-hour intervals, cell viability and morphology were determined with tetrazolium based colorimetric assay, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence analysis. The in situ reactive oxygen species level of both cells on each material surface was examined after 24-hour culture. Results: Both DPSC and MC3T3-E1 cells revealed comparable morphological features during 24-hour cell adhesion processes, with cells continued expanding of cell size and increasing of cell viability on titanium and zirconia surfaces during 24-hour culture. Zirconia demonstrated relatively higher mean cell viability compared to titanium within 24-hour culture, with significantly higher DPSC viability at 12 hours after seeding (P < 0.05). Relatively higher mean reactive oxygen species levels in both DPSC and MC3T3E1 were found on zirconia surfaces after 24-hour culture compared to titanium. Conclusions:From the results, zirconia as a potential dental implant substrate demonstrated equivalent or better initial cellular responses compared to titanium. K E Y W O R D Scell adhesion, dental implant, reactive oxygen species, titanium, zirconia
Objective. This study investigated the nature of shared transcriptomic alterations in PBMs from periodontitis and atherosclerosis to unravel molecular mechanisms underpinning their association. Methods. Gene expression data from PBMs from patients with periodontitis and those with atherosclerosis were each downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in periodontitis and atherosclerosis were identified through differential gene expression analysis. The disease-related known genes related to periodontitis and atherosclerosis each were downloaded from the DisGeNET database. A Venn diagram was constructed to identify crosstalk genes from four categories: DEGs expressed in periodontitis, periodontitis-related known genes, DEGs expressed in atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis-related known genes. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify significant coexpression modules, and then, coexpressed gene interaction networks belonging to each significant module were constructed to identify the core crosstalk genes. Results. Functional enrichment analysis of significant modules obtained by WGCNA analysis showed that several pathways might play the critical crosstalk role in linking both diseases, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) signaling. By constructing the gene interaction network of significant modules, the core crosstalk genes in each module were identified and included: for GSE23746 dataset, RASGRP2 in the blue module and VAMP7 and SNX3 in the green module, as well as HMGB1 and SUMO1 in the turquoise module were identified; for GSE61490 dataset, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP in the turquoise module were identified. Conclusion. Exploration of available transcriptomic datasets revealed core crosstalk genes (RASGRP2, VAMP7, SNX3, HMGB1, SUMO1, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP) and significant pathways (bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and MAPK signaling) as top candidate molecular linkage mechanisms between atherosclerosis and periodontitis.
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