Proximal contact loss is not uncommon in posterior implant-supported prostheses. In this study, age of the patient, prosthesis type and time since delivery of prosthesis were found to be contributing factors.
Background
The fit of implant‐supported prostheses is of prime importance for the long‐term success of implant therapy.
Purpose
This systematic review aimed to evaluate recent evidence on current techniques for assessing implant‐framework misfit, its associated strain/stress, and whether these misfits are related to mechanical, biological, and clinical consequences.
Materials and methods
An electronic search for publications from January 2010 to October 2020 was performed using the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with combined keywords on implant‐framework misfit assessments and related clinical complications. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. After full‐text analyses, data extraction was implemented on current techniques of misfit assessment and the relationship between the misfit and the induced strain/stress.
Results
A total of 3 in vivo and 92 in vitro studies were selected, including 47 studies on quantifying the degree of implant‐framework misfit with dimensional techniques, 24 studies measuring misfit‐induced strain/stress with modeling techniques, and 24 studies using both methods. The technical details, advantages, and limitations of each technique were illustrated. The correlation between the implant‐framework misfit and the induced strain/stress has been revealed in vitro, while that with the biological complications and implant/prostheses failure was weak in clinical studies.
Conclusions
Dimensional and modeling techniques are available to measure the implant‐framework misfit. The passivity of implant‐supported fixed prostheses appeared related to the induced strain/stress, but not the clinical complications. Further studies combining three‐dimensional (3D) assessments using dimensional and modeling techniques was needed.
A variety of innate defense factors in saliva such as lysozyme and lactoferrin contribute to mucosal protection and modulate Candida populations in the oral cavity. It is also known that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals significant variations in the concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin in saliva occur during disease progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to human lactoferrin and hen egg white lysozyme of genotypically similar oral Candida albicans isolates obtained from six HIV-infected ethnic Chinese during sequential visits over a 12-month period. The similarity of the genotypes (50 in total) was evaluated using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay. A blastospore viability assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the organisms to lysozyme and lactoferrin. Exposure to physiological concentrations of either lysozyme (30 g/ml) or lactoferrin (20 g/ml) caused a rapid loss of viability among all isolates to a varying extent. None of the sequential C. albicans isolates demonstrated significant differences in sensitivity to either protein from one visit to the next; similar results were noted when the different genotypes from the same individual were compared. On Spearman correlation analysis of two genotypes that were sequentially isolated from a single patient, a significant negative correlation between lysozyme (r ؍ ؊0.88; P < 0.02) (but not lactoferrin) resistance and the duration of HIV disease was seen. These results imply that a minority of C. albicans isolates that persist intraorally in individuals with HIV disease develop progressive resistance to innate salivary antifungal defenses such as lysozyme, possibly as an adaptive response. However, the vast majority of the Candida isolates appear to succumb to these nonspecific host immune mediators abundantly present in the oral environment.Candida albicans is the main cause of oral candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS (13, 38). Almost 90% of AIDS patients suffer from oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis at some stage of their disease (38). As HIV infection progresses, so does the oral colonization by Candida, and it eventually becomes a permanent oral resident despite prophylactic antifungal therapy (1,36,45). With the development of DNA fingerprinting methods, it is now possible to investigate strain relatedness and emergence of novel strains of C. albicans by sequentially sampling a cohort of individuals either with or without symptomatic oral candidiasis. Several authors have shown that AIDS patients are frequently infected with the same C. albicans strains over recurrent episodes of oral thrush (5, 34, 47, 60), and others have found, for instance in Candida vaginitis, that the same yeast strain may persist through successive episodes of infection (48,49). Although these and other studies have traced the yeast genotypes over multiple infection episodes (29,36,45), not many have investigated the phenotypic attr...
Although the complications of head and neck radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been described, there is limited information on the effect of oral complications on oral health related quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the psychosocial and functional impact of oral conditions in southern Chinese following radiotherapy for NPC. A cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 109 subjects including NPC survivors, newly diagnosed NPC cases and a control group. Oral health related quality of life was assessed through the SF-36 and the Oral Health Impact Profile measures and a dry mouth measure. Data on socio-demographic variables and treatment seeking were also collected. The psychosocial and functional impact of oral conditions as revealed by the health status measures was significantly greater in NPC survivors than newly diagnosed NPC cases and controls. The oral specific and condition specific measures appeared to discriminate more effectively between groups than the generic measure. NPC survivors sought significantly more dental treatment than the other groups. The oral complications of radiotherapy for NPC, notably sequelae of salivary gland damage, have a significant negative effect on oral health related quality of life and result in an increased burden of dental care in the long-term.
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