Dural repair products are evolving from animal tissue-derived materials to synthetic materials as well as from inert to absorbable features; most of them lack functional and structural characteristics compared with the natural dura mater. In the present study, we evaluated the properties and tissue repair performance of a new dural repair product with biomimetic design. The biomimetic patch exhibits unique three-dimensional nonwoven microfiber structure with good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The animal study showed that the biomimetic patch and commercially synthetic material group presented new subdural regeneration at 90 days, with low level inflammatory response and minimal to no adhesion formation detected at each stage. In the biological material group, no new subdural regeneration was observed and severe adhesion between the implant and the cortex occurred at each stage. In clinical case study, there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and all the postoperation observations were normal. The biomimetic structure and proper rate of degradation of the new absorbable dura substitute can guide the meaningful reconstruction of the dura mater, which may provide a novel approach for dural defect repair.
Entanglement is a fundamental resource that allows quantum sensors to surpass the standard quantum limit set by the quantum collapse of independent atoms. Collective cavity-QED systems have succeeded in generating large amounts [1,2] of directly observed entanglement involving the internal degrees of freedom of laser-cooled atomic ensembles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Here we demonstrate cavity-QED entanglement of external degrees of freedom to realize a matter-wave interferometer of 700 atoms in which each individual atom falls freely under gravity and simultaneously traverses two paths through space while also entangled with the other atoms. We demonstrate both quantum non-demolition measurements and cavity-mediated spin interactions for generating squeezed momentum states with directly observed metrological gain 3.4 +1.1 −0.9 dB and 2.5 +0.6 −0.6 dB below the standard quantum limit respectively. An entangled state is successfully injected into a Mach-Zehnder light-pulse interferometer with 1.7 +0.5 −0.5 dB of directly observed metrological enhancement. These results open a new path for combining particle delocalization and entanglement for inertial sensors [13,14], searches for new physics, particles, and fields [15-21], future advanced gravitational wave detectors [22][23][24], and accessing beyond mean-field quantum many-body physics [25][26][27][28][29].
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