Radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is not only effective at patients' survival rates, but also produces undesirable late complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the post-treatment late complications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, and to analyze the individual impact factors. We enrolled 188 newly diagnosed NPC patients who had received complete treatments and at least 3 years' follow-up between March 1984 and March 2010. Late complications were modified from the Toxicity Criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Of 188 patients, 132 were male and 56 were female. Eighty-eight patients received CCRT and the other 100 patients received RT alone. The median follow-up duration was 7.34 years (range 3.30-26.54). Only 5.3% of patients reported no complication during post-treatment follow-up. The most common major and minor complications were osteoradionecrosis (10.1%) and xerostomia (56.4%), respectively. There was no impact factor for age, underlying disease, and cancer staging. However, there was a negative impact factor for xerostomia and limb numbness in the CCRT group compared with the RT group. Besides, re-radiation for recurrent patients could increase the risk of major complications. Fortunately, these major complications were reduced after the introduction of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in 2003. The improvement of treatment modality decreased the risk of major complications. Physicians should pay more attentions and improve patients' quality of life during follow-up.
Fucoidan derived from brown algae has been shown to exhibit antitumor and antioxidant effects, so research on sulfated polysaccharides is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and biological activity of fucoidan that was extracted at two temperatures (65 and 80 °C) from Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh from five regions of Taiwan. The data show that there are significant differences in the yield, sulfate and total sugar content of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh grown in different locations in the same sea area. HPLC was used to determine the monosaccharide compositions of the fucoidan, which contains fucose, mannose, mannose, glucose and galactose and have a low molecular weight of less than 5 kDa, and then we will select the algae collected in Fugang, Taitung, for further biological activity research. The sampled Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh at all five locations has a good polyphenol content, and it shows great DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, Ferrous ion-chelating activity and Reducing power. The Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh that was collected from Taitung Fugang is not toxic to L929 normal cells, but for A549 cancer cells and HCT116 cancer cells, it is known from the results that it has good cytotoxicity for A549 cancer cells. Thus, this study found that the Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh that was collected from Taitung Fugang has significant antioxidant and anticancer properties.
: NiÈFe alloys were deposited galvanostatically on the disk part of the platinum rotating ring-disk electrodes (RRDEs). Contents of nickel and iron were determined using the electrochemical stripping method. It was shown experimentally and explained theoretically that nickel deposition rate is inhibited as the ferrous ion concentration in the bath is increased. A mathematical model that includes the phenomenon of surface competition between FeOH`and NiOH`ions can quantify the inhibition of nickel deposition rate in the presence of ferrous ion species.
Objectives:The classic triad of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) encompass gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. These symptoms overlap with parkinsonism but with distinct treatment. Lacking applicable differentiation also hampers the prediction to therapeutic response. Here, we try to clarify this issue among different Parkinsonian syndromes and propose some innovative thinking while approaching a patient with parkinsonism and hydrocephalus concomitantly.Methods: Twenty-four patients with clinical probable multiple system atrophy (MSA), 34 with probable progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 58 with sex-and agematched Parkinson's disease (PD) were enrolled. Evans' index (EI), callosal angle (CA), antero-posterior (AP) diameter of the midbrain, length of the midbrain tegmentum diameter (MB Tegm ), and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) were evaluated using the conventional MRI. Logistic regression was applied to identify the independent variables in hydrocephalus.Results: Patients with PSP had higher mean EI than those with MSA and PD. Around 38.2% of patients with PSP had accompanied hydrocephalus (EI > 0.3). Parkinsonism subtypes (PD, MSA, or PSP), AP diameter of the midbrain, and MB Tegm were significantly different among patients with and without hydrocephalus. After regression This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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