A major challenge that prohibits the practical application of single/double-transition metal (3d-M) oxides as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is the high overpotentials during the electrochemical process. Herein, our theoretical calculation shows that Fe will be more energetically favorable in the tetrahedral site than Ni and Co, which can further regulate their electronic structure of binary NiCo spinel oxides for optimal adsorption energies of OER intermediates and improved electronic conductivity and hence boost their OER performance. X-ray absorption spectroscopy study on the assynthesized NiCoFe oxide catalysts indicates that Fe preferentially dopes into tetrahedral sites of the lattice, which induces high proportions of Ni 3+ and Co 2+ on the octahedral sites (the active sites in OER). Consequently, this material exhibits a significantly enhanced OER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 201 mV cm −2 at 10 mA cm −2 and a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec −1 , which are much superior to state-of-the-art Ni−Co based catalysts.
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide has been prepared under ambient pressure and at temperatures close to or approaching room temperature using hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in an acidic aqueous solution. A transparent thin layer of nanocrystalline titania has been produced on cotton textiles by a dip-pad-dry-cure process. These TiO 2 coated cotton textiles possess significant photocatalytic self-cleaning properties, such as bactericidal activity, colorant stain decomposition and degradation of red wine and coffee stains. The UV absorption and tearing strength of the TiO 2 coated cotton has also been studied. Self-cleaning cotton may find potential commercialization in the textile industry.
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