In this study we used hierarchical regression to examine the influence of internal marketing on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and how online community participation acted as a moderator on the relationship between internal marketing and OCB. We developed a questionnaire
and distributed copies of this to 200 employees in a publicly owned power company in Taiwan. The results indicated that internal marketing had a positive effect on OCB and that online community participation acted as a moderator in the relationship between internal marketing and OCB.
A benzannulation strategy involving activation of two C–H bonds of five-membered heteroarenes was developed. Readily available furans and pyrroles stabilized by synthetically useful electron-withdrawing groups underwent Pd-catalyzed 1:2 annulation reactions with diaryl alkynes. A variety of functional groups, including ester, amide, ketone, aldehyde, and nitrile, on the heterocyclic cores were tolerated in Pd-catalyzed oxidative reactions. In these reactions, the combination of 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid and its conjugate base facilitated metalation at the heteroaromatic rings and reoxidation of the Pd(0) species using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. This strategy provides fluorescent benzofuran and indole derivatives and is expected to allow for further development of functionalized polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging tool for measuring evoked functional changes in brain oxygenation. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to evaluate the functionality of cortical connections and obtain information on regional cortical activity. Coregistration of EEG–NIRS is a recent technique that has been applied for measuring changes in electrical and hemodynamic activity in the human brain. EEG–NIRS coregistration facilitates the avoidance of misleading interpretations of NIRS, particularly in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated an approach for enhancing accuracy of NIRS by using EEG to monitor physiological activity during a mental focus task. Using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for the subjects mental focus task, we identified two trend types in the EEG and NIRS signals of normal subjects. These data can assist in understanding brain activation statuses and enable determining subjects’ degree of mental concentration. If the data can be standardized for the diagnosis of neurological disorders, they can provide a new index to improve traditional methods (e.g., questionnaires) to assist clinical doctors in diagnosing cognitive disorders.
We demonstrate the characteristics of p+-Ge/n-Si and n+-Ge/p-Si heterojunction diodes with a very high on/off ratio and very low leakage current using heteroepitaxial Ge grown directly on Si. The current ratio of p+-Ge/n-Si and n+-Ge/p-Si heterojunction is ∼5×107 and ∼3×106, respectively. The remarkably low off current density is 2.1 µA/cm2 for p+-Ge/n-Si and 19 µA/cm2 for n+-Ge/p-Si at a reverse bias of |VR|=±1 V, respectively. High on current density (125 A/cm2 for p+-Ge/n-Si and 54 A/cm2 for n+-Ge/p-Si) with a forward bias |VF|=±1 V is obtained with a GeO2 passivation and an Al2O3 isolation.
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