Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

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This paper proposes a circuit topology which reduces the chip size of single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) quarter-wavelength bandpass filter-integrated switches (FIS). A 40-GHz mHEMT MMIC SPDT switch has been implemented and demonstrates a measured insertion loss lower than 1 dB and an isolation better than 30 dB. Another 50-GHz pHEMT MMIC SPDT achieves 1.5 dB insertion loss and 22 dB isolation. The low insertion loss and high isolation shows that the circuit performance is improved along with the reduction of the size. The systematic design approach of the reduced-size FIS is described, together with the analysis of the insertion loss and isolation.