Clinical outcome of children with CRMO is generally good, but a sizeable proportion of patients have active disease at follow-up, and a minority of patients can have a severe and prolonged disease course despite intensive treatments. Further studies are required to determine predictive factors for severe disease.

We describe 2 infants who developed atypical Kawasaki disease and coronary aneurysms during primary cytomegalovirus infection. These observations suggest that children with coronary aneurysms and Kawasaki-like disease should be tested for cytomegalovirus. Conversely, children with unusually severe primary cytomegalovirus infection should be tested for coronary aneurysms.

Human bocavirus (HboV) is an emerging virus that has been implicated as a cause of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infection in children. As no serological assay is available, PCR was used to screen nasopharyngeal, serum or stool samples from 16 patients with Kawasaki disease for HBoV nucleic acid. HBoV was identified by PCR in five (31.2%) patients, suggesting that this emerging virus may also play a pathogenic role in some cases of Kawasaki disease.

Sulfadiazine-associated urinary calculi have been described in HIV-positive adult patients but rarely in children. We report two pediatric cases of sulfadiazine-induced nephrolithiasis and review 45 adult cases from the literature. One had a hyper-IgM syndrome and was treated with sulfadiazine for cerebral toxoplasmosis, the other had toxoplasmic retinitis. Both developed multiple bilateral lithiasis with acute renal failure. Normalization of renal function and reduction of calculi size was rapidly achieved after discontinuation of sulfadiazine, hyperhydration, and alkalinization. Bilateral ureteral stents were required in one patient because of anuria.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has recently been described as a common agent of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. We screened by polymerase chain reaction for HBoV nucleic acid nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children with negative culture and immunofluorescence assay for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses. HBoV was detected in 32 children (5.5%) and was the second virus identified in nasopharyngeal aspirates after respiratory syncytial virus. Most of the children had severe disease.