The acoustic characteristics of three tropical habitats were investigated to determine how they might constrain the structure of primate signals. Ambient noise was measured, along with signal attenuation and aspects of signal degradation (reverberation, amplitude fluctuations, and pulse train modulation depth). These measures allowed estimation of the effects of habitat acoustics on the distances over which calls would be audible (the "active space") and over which primates could reliably transmit amplitudemodulated or pulse-coded information.These questions were addressed with a series of sound transmission tests and ambient noise measurements in East African rain forest, riverine forest, and savanna. Measurements were made near the heights at which each habitat's primate residents tend to communicate, and signals were broadcast spanning the frequency range and the range of "pulse" characteristics present in their vocalizations.

You're On! provides guidance and advice for consulting with performers in the pursuit of excellence. Whether these clients are performing artists, businesspeople, physicians, lawyers or in high-risk occupations, they must learn to focus, cope, and excel in highly stressful situations. Based on extensive interviews with notable performers and experienced performance consultants in diverse fields, as well as the vast literature on peak performance among athletes, this book is packed with hard information on performance consulting. You're On! is a must-read for performance consultants, executive coaches, or any therapist or counselor who seeks to enter this burgeoning field. 2004. ABOUT 391 PAGES. HARDCOVER.

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This article reviews the emerging concept of Contextual Intelligence (CI) and its relevance to sport psychology. Interviews with expert performance consultants suggest that CI is a key factor in successful consultations. Although CI has often been considered a tacit process learned indirectly through experience, systems theory and institutional research offer models for assessing organizations and developing contextual “maps.” By having a framework and language for assessing context, sport psychologists can more effectively develop contextually intelligent and culturally appropriate interventions. The authors offer a framework for assessing context and developing contextual “maps.” Specific guidelines and principles for designing contextually intelligent interventions are provided.

Mangabey groups studied in the Kibale Forest Reserve, Uganda, in 1971 were studied again in 1991 using similar data collection protocols. The results were used to assess the effect of group size on activity budgets and travel costs, and to document the effects of habitat changes on mangabey density and demography. Larger mangabey groups traveled longer distances per day than smaller groups. Time budgets were less clearly influenced by group size. Mangabey population density increased over the 20 year period. This increase in population density paralleled habitat changes, particularly an increase in tree density, and was accompanied by increased use of regenerating forest. o

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The efficient cortical encoding of natural scenes is essential for guiding adaptive behavior. Because natural scenes and network activity in cortical circuits share similar temporal scales, it is necessary to understand how the temporal structure of natural scenes influences network dynamics in cortical circuits and spiking output. We examined the relationship between the structure of natural acoustic scenes and its impact on network activity [as indexed by local field potentials (LFPs)] and spiking responses in macaque primary auditory cortex. Natural auditory scenes led to a change in the power of the LFP in the 2-9 and 16 -30 Hz frequency ranges relative to the ongoing activity. In contrast, ongoing rhythmic activity in the 9 -16 Hz range was essentially unaffected by the natural scene. Phase coherence analysis showed that scene-related changes in LFP power were at least partially attributable to the locking of the LFP and spiking activity to the temporal structure in the scene, with locking extending up to 25 Hz for some scenes and cortical sites. Consistent with distributed place and temporal coding schemes, a key predictor of phase locking and power changes was the overlap between the spectral selectivity of a cortical site and the spectral structure of the scene. Finally, during the processing of natural acoustic scenes, spikes were locked to LFP phase at frequencies up to 30 Hz. These results are consistent with an idea that the cortical representation of natural scenes emerges from an interaction between network activity and stimulus dynamics.