DIscusSION on the mechanism of exophthalmos is rendered unnecessarily difficult by doubt as to whether the experimental results obtained on the dog and other mammals may properly be expected irn the case of human subjects. The work of MacCallum and Cornell (1904), Whitnall and Beattie (1933) and Code and Essex (1935) has shown that in the dog and cat exophthalmos may be produced by contraction of the periorbital membrane through stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk at a point caudal to the superior cervical ganglion. To the smooth muscle of this membrane (or to the whole membrane) the name of M Muller's orbital muscle " has been applied (Muller 1858a, Whitnall 1932). The same name has also been given, by the same writers to a muscle in the inferior orbital fissure in man. In MIuller's article the muscles were said to be analogues. The human muscle has been illustrated by Whitnall. He points out that it cannot function like the muscle in lower animals owing to its different situation and size. The present writer has examined copyright.
BRUNTON and ISRAELS [1930] noted that a rise of alveolar CO2 after mixed meals, first described by Dodds [1921], occurs more regularly than any such rise of alveolar CO2 after stimulation of gastric secretion by such agents as histamine or caffeine. They described experiments with these bases in which the (minimum) volumes of gastric secretion and the associated changes in the secretion of acid by the kidney were measured but in which no rise of alveolar C02 occurred. Dodds's subjects had usually taken mixed meals [Dodds, 1921;Dodds and Bennett, 1921;Bennett and Dodds, 1921;Dodds, 1923]. Moreover, in the various contributions to the solution of the question whether there is an " alkaline tide" after meals, too little attention has been paid to the composition of the meals, and it seemed possible that the conflicting results reported might be due to differences in the nature of the food taken by the subjects of the experiments. In any case it was desirable that information should be obtained as to the effects which specified articles of diet might have. Experiments are reported here as to the effect of various articles of diet upon the acidity of the urine and as controls for comparison other experiments in which nothing was taken, or merely water.Various methods have been used for studying the effect of meals on the acidity of the urine. The method adopted here involves a principle recognized by Do d ds, namely that the amount of urine passed in unit time should be combined with the titration equivalent of unit volume of the urine, and that the amount of titratable acid in the urine excreted in unit time so obtained is more significant than the amount in unit volume of urine. In the experiments to be described this principle is adhered to and the results are presented as curves showing the amount of titratable acid in the urine passed per minute. This may, for convenience, be referred to as "acid per minute," and the more usually estimated PH. LXXVIII. 5
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