Resveratrol is known to be an effective chemo-preventive phytochemical against multiple tumor cells. However, the increasing drug resistance avoids the cancer treatment in oral cavity cancer. In this study, we investigated the oral antitumor activity of resveratrol and its mechanism in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Our results demonstrated that resveratrol had an extremely low toxicity in normal oral cells and provoked autophagic cell death to form acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and autophagic vacuoles in CAR cells by acridine orange (AO) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Either DNA fragmentation or DNA condensation occurred in resveratrol-triggered CAR cell apoptosis. These inhibitors of PI3K class III (3-MA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (compound c) suppressed the autophagic vesicle formation, LC3-II protein levels and autophagy induced by resveratrol. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated resveratrol-triggered cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cell apoptosis. Resveratrol also enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and regulated autophagy- and pro-apoptosis-related signals in resveratrol-treated CAR cells. Importantly, resveratrol also stimulated the autophagic mRNA gene expression, including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3-II in CAR cells. Overall, our findings indicate that resveratrol is likely to induce autophagic and apoptotic death in drug-resistant oral cancer cells and might become a new approach for oral cancer treatment in the near future.

Aim: To evaluate whether positron emission tomography (PET) with ¹⁸F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) can detect pelvic lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients who had elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after treatment. Methods: Twenty-four patients with a rising serum PSA level after treatment for localized prostate cancer were examined with FDG-PET before pelvic lymph node dissection. All patients had negative findings on whole body bone scan and equivocal pelvic computed tomography (CT) results. The results of FDG-PET were then compared to the histology of the pelvic lymph nodes obtained at surgery. Results: Lymph node metastases were detected by histopathological examination in 16/24 (66.7%) patients. At the sites with histopathologically proven metastases, increased FDG uptake was found in 12/16 (75.0%) patients. In addition, there were 4 patients with false-negative results, but no patient with a false-positive result on FDG-PET images. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FDG-PET in detecting metastatic pelvic lymph nodes were 75.0, 100.0, 83.3, 100.0, and 67.7%, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that FDG-PET may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the staging of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with PSA relapse after treatment of localized prostate cancer when the whole body bone scan is negative and pelvic CT findings are equivocal.

Women's preferred non-sitting void posture on public sitting-type toilet should be a concern.

FN1 and ITGA4 are potential OSCC biomarkers for tongue/mouth floor and edentulous ridge.

Abstract. The DNA repair gene X-ray cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4), a member of the non-homologous endjoining (NHEJ) repair system, plays a major role in the repair of the double-strand breaks of the DNA sequence. This gene is critical to the maintenance of overall genome stability, and is also thought to play a key role in human carcinogenesis. In this case-control study, several novel polymorphic variants of XRCC4, including C-1622T (rs7727691), G-1394T (rs6869366), C-571T (rs2075686) and intron3 DIP (rs28360071), were investigated, and the correlation of these variants to prostate cancer susceptibility in a Taiwanese population was observed. A total of 134 prostate cancer patients were recruited along with 134 age-matched healthy controls, and the association of their selected genotypes with susceptibility to prostate cancer was determined. The G-1394T variant of XRCC4 proved, after analysis of the frequencies of each variant in the prostate cancer and control groups, to be a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in prostate carcinogenesis. Our data clearly indicate

MALDI-TOF spectrometry has not been used for urinary exosome analysis. We used it for determining UC biomarkers. From 2012 to 2015, we enrolled 129 consecutive patients with UC and 62 participants without UC. Exosomes from their urine were isolated, and analyzed through MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of another 122 UC and 26 non-UC tissues was conducted to verify the discovered biomarkers. Two peaks at m/z 5593 (fragmented peptide of alpha-1-antitrypsin; sensitivity, 50.4%; specificity, 96.9%) and m/z 5947 (fragmented peptide of histone H2B1K sensitivity, 62.0%; specificity, 92.3%) were identified as UC diagnosis exosome biomarkers. UC patients with detectable histone H2B1K showed 2.29- and 3.11-fold increased risks of recurrence and progression, respectively, compared with those with nondetectable histone H2B1K. Verification results of IHC staining revealed significantly higher expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin (p = 0.038) and H2B1K (p = 0.005) in UC tissues than in normal tissues. The expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin and H2B1K in UC tissues was significantly correlated with UC grades (p < 0.05). Urinary exosome proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and histone H2B1K, which are identified through MALDI-TOF analysis, could facilitate rapid diagnosis and prognosis of UC.

BackgroundGastrointestinal microbiota, particularly gut microbiota, is associated with human health. The biodiversity of gut microbiota is affected by ethnicities and environmental factors such as dietary habits or medicine intake, and three enterotypes of the human gut microbiome were announced in 2011. These enterotypes are not significantly correlated with gender, age, or body weight but are influenced by long-term dietary habits. However, to date, only two enterotypes (predominantly consisting of Bacteroides and Prevotella) have shown these characteristics in previous research; the third enterotype remains ambiguous. Understanding the enterotypes can improve the knowledge of the relationship between microbiota and human health.ResultsWe obtained 181 human fecal samples from adults in Taiwan. Microbiota compositions were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, which is a culture-independent method of constructing microbial community profiles by sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In these samples, 17,675,898 sequencing reads were sequenced, and on average, 215 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified for each sample. In this study, the major bacteria in the enterotypes identified from the fecal samples were Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Enterobacteriaceae, and their correlation with dietary habits was confirmed. A microbial interaction network in the gut was observed on the basis of the amount of short-chain fatty acids, pH value of the intestine, and composition of the bacterial community (enterotypes). Finally, a decision tree was derived to provide a predictive model for the three enterotypes. The accuracies of this model in training and independent testing sets were 97.2 and 84.0%, respectively.ConclusionsWe used NGS technology to characterize the microbiota and constructed a predictive model. The most significant finding was that Enterobacteriaceae, the predominant subtype, could be a new subtype of enterotypes in the Asian population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3261-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA performance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, MMP10 and MMP12 as oral cancer markers. With gingiva as the control, the areas under the receiver- operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the relative gene expressions for MMP1, MMP10 and MMP12 were 0.715, 0.727 and 0.513, respectively. With the margins or neck platysma muscles as controls, the AUCs of MMP1, MMP10 and MMP12 were 0.746 vs 0.626, 0.712 vs 0.683 and 0.697 vs 0.630, respectively. MMP10 displayed the best sensitivity for oral cancer detection with any controls. MMP1 and MMP10 were suitable markers for cancer detection with gingiva and margin as controls. Using neck tissue as the control, only MMP10 was suitable for cancer detection. With margin and neck controls, there were no significant differences for MMP1, MMP10 and MMP12 in different stages, invasion and locations or different habits. Therefore, MMP1 and MMP10 but not MMP12 are potential oral cancer markers.